閱讀下面兩個(gè)材料并回答問(wèn)題：
【材料一】2011年10月3日，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)委員會(huì)宣布，美國(guó)科學(xué)家布魯斯·巴特勒、盧森堡科學(xué)家朱爾斯·霍夫曼和加拿大科學(xué)家拉爾夫·斯坦曼獲得2011年諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)生理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)化過(guò)程中人體具備兩種免疫機(jī)能：一是“固有免疫”，二是“獲得性免疫”。布魯斯·巴特勒、朱爾斯·霍夫曼的獲獎(jiǎng)?lì)I(lǐng)域在前者；而拉爾夫·斯坦曼的工作主要在后者。
布魯斯·巴特勒、朱爾斯·霍夫曼發(fā)現(xiàn)了由“Toll”基因編碼的關(guān)鍵受體蛋白，該受體蛋白能識(shí)別病原微生物，并激活“固有免疫”，打開(kāi)免疫反應(yīng)的第一步；拉爾夫·斯坦曼發(fā)現(xiàn)的樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞在免疫應(yīng)答中作用，樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞在體內(nèi)游弋，發(fā)現(xiàn)并攝取病原體的特異性抗原，并報(bào)告給T淋巴細(xì)胞，T細(xì)胞將調(diào)動(dòng)其他免疫細(xì)胞發(fā)生級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng)，最終消滅病原體。
（1）材料中所描述的“固有免疫”就是_____________________免疫，這種免疫對(duì)所有的病原體都有防御作用。（1分）
（2）下列有關(guān)“Toll”基因的敘述正確的是：_____________（單選）（1分）
A．Toll基因只存在于免疫細(xì)胞中
B．Toll基因編碼受體蛋白，體現(xiàn)基因?qū)π誀畹闹苯涌刂?br />C．Toll基因編碼的受體蛋白能識(shí)別病原微生物，體現(xiàn)了免疫細(xì)胞的特異性識(shí)別
D．效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞能與靶細(xì)胞密切接觸就是該受體功能體現(xiàn)
（3）下列有關(guān)樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞的敘述正確的是：_____________________（不定項(xiàng)）
A．樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞在免疫中發(fā)揮作用，說(shuō)明神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)與免疫系統(tǒng)功能密切相關(guān)
B．在細(xì)胞免疫和體液免疫中樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞所起的作用沒(méi)有明顯差別
C．樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞能夠處理和呈遞病原體的抗原特異性
D．樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞可觸發(fā)T細(xì)胞發(fā)生免疫反應(yīng)
E．樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞可能是一種吞噬細(xì)胞
【材料二】（根據(jù)南方周末《喬布斯的錯(cuò)誤與諾獎(jiǎng)得主的試驗(yàn)》整理）就在瑞典卡羅琳醫(yī)學(xué)院宣布本年度諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的前3天，斯坦曼因胰腺癌不幸離世，他沒(méi)能親耳聽(tīng)到自己獲獎(jiǎng)的喜訊，令人惋惜。就在他離世死后的第6天“改變世界”的IT精英喬布斯也因胰腺癌英年早逝。
兩人所患的胰腺癌都是死亡率極高的惡性腫瘤。喬布斯患的是“胰腺內(nèi)分泌型腫瘤”，該病癥病情發(fā)展緩慢，能存活數(shù)年的患者不在少數(shù)。但這位著名的素食主義者曾一度拒絕手術(shù)治療，導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移，病情迅速惡化。
而斯坦曼所患的病癥為“胰腺外分泌型腫瘤”，該病患者的存活期往往只有數(shù)月。斯坦曼在2007年確診胰腺癌后，就積極嘗試基于樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞的治療性疫苗(DC疫苗)。借助這種“細(xì)胞免疫療法”，他的生命從預(yù)期的數(shù)月延長(zhǎng)至4年。
（4）喬布斯癌變的細(xì)胞可能是_____________細(xì)胞，該細(xì)胞的分泌物與_________________。系統(tǒng)消滅癌細(xì)胞的過(guò)程是_____________（填一種特異性免疫）發(fā)揮作用。
（5）斯坦曼所注射的DC疫苗是由其體內(nèi)的樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞和腫瘤細(xì)胞中提取的一種短肽（即治療性疫苗），該短肽在免疫中作為_(kāi)____________引起人體發(fā)生免疫反應(yīng)。除樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞外，斯坦曼體能夠特異性識(shí)別這種短肽的細(xì)胞還有（至少寫(xiě)出3種）______________________________________。
（6）有人認(rèn)為DC疫苗對(duì)防治癌癥有一定的療效，原因是：通過(guò)免疫反應(yīng)斯坦曼體內(nèi)的免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生抗體，抗體與該短肽特異性結(jié)合，使短肽失效。你認(rèn)為這個(gè)解釋對(duì)嗎，____________，請(qǐng)說(shuō)出你的理由：_________________________。（共2分）
（7）斯坦曼生前嘗試注射過(guò)三種DC疫苗，卻還是未能逃出死神的魔掌，請(qǐng)從免疫學(xué)的角度分析導(dǎo)致他死亡的可能原因是：________________________________________。

閱讀《甘露的秘密》，回答問(wèn)題。（6分）
螞蟻和蚜蟲(chóng)的關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)直可以說(shuō)是親密無(wú)間的，有時(shí)候，你會(huì)看到一群螞蟻背著蚜蟲(chóng)川流不息地跑來(lái)跑去，那是螞蟻在給蚜蟲(chóng)搬家。當(dāng)蚜蟲(chóng)在一片植物上大肆蠶食，只剩下殘莖敗葉之后，螞蟻就把這群禍害轉(zhuǎn)移到另一處食物充足的地方去，使蚜蟲(chóng)能夠飽食終日，好排泄出更多的蚜蜜來(lái)。在螞蟻搬家的時(shí)候，也不會(huì)丟下為它提供美餐的好朋友不管。確定了新居之后，小螞蟻就會(huì)把蚜蟲(chóng)一個(gè)一個(gè)搬到附近的植物上去。螞蟻不僅是蚜蟲(chóng)的“衛(wèi)士”，還是蚜蟲(chóng)的“保姆”。冬天臨近了，雌蚜排出了一個(gè)個(gè)越冬卵。螞蟻很擔(dān)心這些卵會(huì)被凍壞，便不辭勞苦地把它一個(gè)個(gè)搬到外面晾曬，曬完后再搬回巢去。到了次年早春，蚜卵孵化了，這下又忙壞了小螞蟻，它又主動(dòng)承擔(dān)了喂養(yǎng)小蚜蟲(chóng)的任務(wù)。直到春暖花開(kāi)，螞蟻又把小蚜蟲(chóng)一個(gè)個(gè)搬出洞來(lái)，放到植物上，讓它去啃食鮮嫩的莖葉，以便自己從它的屁股后面撈取一點(diǎn)蚜蜜。（選自《中學(xué)生必讀文庫(kù)》）
【小題1】文中起過(guò)渡作用的句子是：（2分）
________________________________________________________________________
【小題2】螞蟻是蚜蟲(chóng)的保姆，它作為保姆要為蚜蟲(chóng)做哪幾件事？（3分）
________________________________________________________________________
【小題3】從全文看，撈取一詞體現(xiàn)了作者對(duì)螞蟻怎樣的態(tài)度？（1分）
________________________________________________________________________

The Guidance Department （教導(dǎo)處）at Berryville High School has a staff of eleven teachers. Most of their work is done with the students. But the staff sees a lot of parents, too.
“Parents meetings make clear monthly diagram（圖表）.”says Mildred Freman, head of the Guidance. “This diagram stays much the same from year to year. The busy months are October, March and May. ”
September, the beginning of a new school year, starts rather slowly. Few parents come in. Most of these want to talk about the schedules. October brings many problems caused by some students. Some parents are called in. Others come by themselves. Things quiet down in November. December is a quiet month. “It’s the holiday. ”Ms Foreman says, “People want to come in, I know, but they decide to wait until after New Year’s Day.”
Report cards go home just before Christmas holidays. Bad marks bring parents in as school opens again. This happens again in March, another report card month. May is always the year’s busiest month. That’s when parents begin to think that their children may be asked to stay in the same grade again. They come in to see if anything can be done before things are decided in June.
【小題1】The teachers in the Guidance Department usually ______.

A．do most of their work for the students

B．a(chǎn)nswer all the questions from parents

C．help other teachers get along with students and parents

D．only bring report cards to students and parents

【小題2】In December parents usually ______.

A．stay at home with their children for their holidays

B．wait for the teachers to bring report cards to their children

C．wouldn’t like to visit the teachers in the Guidance Department

D．let teachers have a good rest during their holidays

【小題3】Why do some parents come to school in March? Because ______.

A．they want to see their children’s teachers after Christmas holidays

B．they are called by the teachers of Guidance Department

C．bad marks have them do it

D．it’s the beginning of a new school year

【小題4】Which of the following is Right?

A．In June the school decides who will stay in the same grade again.

B．Almost all the parents come to meet Mildred Foreman every month.

C．April is also the second busiest month for the staff.

D．The parents help to do most of the work for the staff.