解答:
解:(1)甲醇在氧化鋁催化劑作用下發(fā)生分子間脫水生成二甲醚和水方程式為:2CH
3OH
CH
3OCH
3+H
2O;
故答案為:2CH
3OH
CH
3OCH
3+H
2O;
(2)CO燃燒的熱化學(xué)方程式:CO(g)+
O
2(g)═CO
2(g)△H=-282.8 kJ?mol
-1 ①
H
2燃燒的熱化學(xué)方程式:H
2(g)+
O
2(g)═H
2O(l)△H=-285.8 kJ?mol
-1 ②
CO(g)+2H
2(g)═CH
3OH (g)△H=-90.1kJ?mol
-1③
根據(jù)蓋斯定律:①+②×2-③得甲醇燃燒的熱化學(xué)方程式:CH
3OH(l)+
O
2(g)═CO
2(g)+2H
2O(l)△H=-764.4 kJ?mol
-1 ,
故答案為:CH
3OH(l)+
O
2(g)═CO
2(g)+2H
2O(l)△H=-764.4 kJ?mol
-1 ;
(3)取mg二甲醚和甲醇則轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)關(guān)系
CH
3OCH
3+3O
22CO
2+3H
20,轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)
46 12mol
m
2CH
3OH+3O
22CO
2+4H
2O 轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)
64 12mol
m
等質(zhì)量的二甲醚和甲醇完全放電轉(zhuǎn)移電子的物質(zhì)的量之比=
:
=32:23;
故答案為:32:23;
消耗9.2g二甲醚轉(zhuǎn)移電子物質(zhì)的量為:
=2.5(mol)根據(jù)串聯(lián)電路特點則陰極轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)為2.5mol
2H
++2e
-=H
2↑
2mol 22.4L
2.4mol V
V=26.88L
(4)①從圖表數(shù)據(jù)可知隨著溫度的升高,CO轉(zhuǎn)化率降低,說明CO(g)+H
2O(g)═CO
2(g)+H
2(g)是吸熱反應(yīng),溫度升高,平衡逆向移動,CO轉(zhuǎn)化率降低;
②280℃時,CO轉(zhuǎn)化率為80%,設(shè)CO(g)和H
2O(g)均為amol,容器體積為VL
CO(g)+H
2O(g)═CO
2(g)+H
2(g)
起始濃度
0 0
轉(zhuǎn)化濃度
×0.8
×0.8
×0.8
×0.8
平衡濃度
×0.2
×0.2
×0.8
×0.8
平衡常數(shù)K=
=
[ ×0.8][ ×0.8] |
[ ×0.2 ][ ×0.2 ] |
=16;
故答案為:16;
③設(shè)反應(yīng)消耗CO物質(zhì)的量為xmol則
CO(g)+H
2O(g)═CO
2(g)+H
2(g)
起始時物質(zhì)的量 a a 0 0
轉(zhuǎn)化物質(zhì)的量 x x x x
平衡時物質(zhì)的量 a-x a-x x x
根據(jù)題意得
=30% x=0.6a 則CO轉(zhuǎn)化率為:
×100%=60%,要想使CO轉(zhuǎn)化率升高到70%,平衡應(yīng)向右移動,CO(g)+H
2O(g)═CO
2(g)+H
2(g)為放熱反應(yīng),降低溫度平衡向放熱方向移動,
故答案為:降低.