Question

【題目】閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)其內容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內容概要。

Before a child starts school, his or her main role models are his or her parent or caregiver. Parents or caregivers with high self-esteem( 自尊) typically model this to the children, who will gradually pick up these ideas. Those who are influenced by negativity（否定性，消極態(tài)度), even if the negativity is not towards them, will often take the same way of thinking, leading to low self-esteem in childhood.

Continual praise for a child’s achievements plays a large part in a child’s view of himself or herself. Praising a child for acting as expected or something good often encourages him or her to repeat the same action and forms a sense of self-worth. Empty praise, however, can have the opposite（相反的）effect. A child who is praised for anything will stop believing the words, and the empty praise will have little effect on self-esteem in childhood or possibly a negative effect.

Providing a child with responsibilities based on his or her abilities is also important in the development of self-esteem in childhood. Making a child feel like a helpful member of a family or group, whether at home or school, helps to form a higher sense of confidence in his or her abilities. However, giving a child unfit responsibilities or tasks can do no good to the development of high self-esteem in childhood.

Each person has strengths and weaknesses. A child can build up his or her confidence level when he/she is encouraged to take part in activities ,which can provide him or her with chances to work on weaknesses(缺點) in a helpful environment . Children who are given the opportunities to use their unique skills to help others or improve themselves have higher self-esteem than those who are not given the same chances or who are pushed into activities that they do not enjoy or do not have an ability to do.

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Answer 1

【答案】Several different factors affect self-esteem in childhood, especially a child's communication with his parents, caregivers, and other adult role models. （要點1）Receiving praise for achievements can build up a child's confidence, （要點2）and whether or not he is given proper responsibilities can have an effect on his self-esteem level. （要點3）In addition, taking part in activities can aid in the development of a child's self-esteem. （要點4）

【解析】

本文考查概要寫作。這是一篇說明文。文章陳述了幾種影響兒童自尊發(fā)展的因素。

本文是一篇讀寫任務型的作文，要求寫出文章的主題大意和要點，要寫全要點，抓住重點，要使用自己比較熟悉的詞匯、短語和句型，恰當使用過渡詞和連接詞，以使文章連貫、流暢。要盡量使用高級詞匯和句型、各種從句以及非謂語動詞等高級形式，以體現(xiàn)較高的寫作水平。本文寫作時人稱以第三人稱為主，時態(tài)采用一般現(xiàn)在時。