3．There are two kinds of memory：short-term and long-term．Information in long-term memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed．The information may be kept for days or weeks．However，information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds，usually by repeating the information over and over．The following experiment shows how short-term memory has been studied．
Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary．The subjects in his experiment were 75college students．They represented all levels of ability in English：beginning，intermediate （中等），and native speaking students．
To begin，the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English．Following the recording，the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered．Each question had four choices．The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording，Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike．For example，weather，whether，wither，and wetter are four words that sound alike．Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning．Method，way，manner，and system would be four words with the same meaning．Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test．
Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike； students with a higher proficiency（精通，熟練） made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning．Henning's results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory，and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory．
28．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？A
A．Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory．
B．Long-term memory can be achieved only by training．
C．It is easier to test short-term memory than long，term memory．
D．Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students．
29．From Henning's result we can see thatA．
A．beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of words
B．a(chǎn)dvanced students always remember words by their meaning
C．it is difficult to remember words that sound alike
D．it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning
30．The word"subjects"in the passage meansD．
A．memory
B．the theme of listening material
C．a(chǎn) branch of knowledge studied
D．the student experimented on
31．The passage centers onC．
A．memory
B．two kinds of memory
C．short-term memory
D．a(chǎn)n experiment on students．
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了人類的短時(shí)間記憶以及Henning的不同程度英語學(xué)習(xí)者的記憶實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語初學(xué)者會短期記憶單詞的發(fā)音，而程度高的學(xué)生則是把單詞的意義短期記憶．
解答 28．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段"The information may be kept for days or weeks．However，information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds"長時(shí)記憶的信息可以保持?jǐn)?shù)天或數(shù)周．然而，短時(shí)記憶中的信息只能保持幾秒鐘，可知短時(shí)記憶中的信息與長期記憶中的信息是不同的；故選A．
29．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第四段"Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike"Henning發(fā)現(xiàn)，凡是英語熟練程度低的學(xué)生會在發(fā)音相同的單詞上犯更多的錯(cuò)誤；可知?jiǎng)傞_始學(xué)英語的同學(xué)很難分清單詞的發(fā)音；故選A．
30．D．詞義猜測題．根據(jù)文章第二段"The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students"他實(shí)驗(yàn)的對象為75名大學(xué)生，可推測出subject是指參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的學(xué)生；故選D．
31．C．主旨大意題．通讀全文，可知文章主要描述了一個(gè)記憶測試的實(shí)驗(yàn)，根據(jù)最終的結(jié)論初學(xué)生單詞的聲音保持短期記憶，而程度高的學(xué)生能把單詞的意義短時(shí)記憶；可知文章的中心是短期記憶；故選C．
點(diǎn)評 本文是一個(gè)科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．
