【題目】 At one time it was the dream of many little girls to become a nurse. 【1】 Recently about 2,000,000 nurses are needed and 60 percent of all hospitals in the US have shortages, large enough to threaten the quality of care provided.

What has become of these women in white? 【2】 One possibility is the fact that women have greater career options. In the past, women who chose to work outside the home had two basic choices: nursing or teaching. Today, more women than ever are in the workforce, but their options have greatly increased. 【3】In fact, women today are found in nearly every field of work. Nursing has been left behind, as women move on to jobs with higher pay and greater status. A woman or man in the nursing field is often looked down upon as “merely a nurse”. Teachers may be also at fault. 【4】

Americans are living longer than ever and requiring more medical attention. 【5】 Obviously a larger population requires more nurses. AIDS and other diseases have caused more and more people to need nursing care. Usually fatal（致命的）diseases mean long hospital stay, that is to say, more nurses are needed to care for these patients. It is estimated that the demand for nurses will be doubled the supply in the coming ten years.

A.The answer lies in not one but several causes.

B.Many students are actually away from nursing, told by teachers that they are “too bright to be a nurse”.

C.Today, however, many nurses have lost their jobs and led a poor life.

D.There are women doctors, lawyers, firefighters and police officers.

E.Today, however, America is facing its worst nurse shortage since World War I.

F.Women are treated unfairly when applying for jobs for quite a long time.

G.In fact, the number of elderly patients has almost doubled in the past twenty years.

【答案】

【1】E

【2】A

【3】D

【4】B

【5】G

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。目前，在美國60%的醫(yī)院護(hù)士短缺，將要威脅醫(yī)療護(hù)理的質(zhì)量。本文分析了女孩不想當(dāng)護(hù)士的原因。

【1】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)上句At one time it was the dream of many little girls to become a nurse.（曾經(jīng)成為一名護(hù)士是很多小女孩的夢想）以及下句Recently about 2,000,000 nurses are needed and 60 percent of all hospitals in the US have shortages（近來，需要200萬名護(hù)士，在美國60%的醫(yī)院護(hù)士短缺）可知。由此可推斷出題空處應(yīng)該是表與前文話題轉(zhuǎn)折且承接下文，因此選項(xiàng)E. Today, however, America is facing its worst nurse shortage since World War I. 然而，今天美國正面臨著自從一戰(zhàn)以來最嚴(yán)重的護(hù)士短缺。符合題意，故選E。

【2】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。上句What has become of these women in white?提到這些白衣女士發(fā)生了什么呢？接下來應(yīng)該是回答這個(gè)問題，由此可推斷出選項(xiàng)A. The answer lies in not one but several causes. 答案可能存在與多個(gè)原因。符合題意，故選A。

【3】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)下文In fact, women today are found in nearly every field of work.可知，實(shí)際上在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，女性幾乎參與到社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。由此可推斷出前句應(yīng)該是講女性就業(yè)選擇得到擴(kuò)大，因此選項(xiàng)D. There are women doctors, lawyers, firefighters and police officers. 有女醫(yī)生，女律師和女警官。符合題意，故選D。

【4】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)上文Teachers may be also at fault.（老師也有失誤之處）可知接下來應(yīng)該是講老師對(duì)于越來越的女性當(dāng)護(hù)士這一現(xiàn)象中起到的作用。因此選項(xiàng) B. Many students are actually away from nursing, told by teachers that they are “too bright to be a nurse”. 被老師告知，你的前途太光明以至于不能當(dāng)護(hù)士，很多學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)離護(hù)士行業(yè)。符合題意，故選B。

【5】考查對(duì)上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)下文Obviously a larger population requires more nurses.(很明顯大量的人口需要更多的護(hù)士)可知前句應(yīng)該提到老年病人數(shù)量的增加，因此選項(xiàng)G. In fact, the number of elderly patients has almost doubled in the past twenty years. 事實(shí)上在過去二十年里老年病人的數(shù)量幾乎翻倍。符合題意，故選G。

七選五題型考察學(xué)生把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關(guān)系和把握微觀信息間關(guān)聯(lián)性這種題一般可從以下方面來做：

（1）看首段，跳過空格快速通讀全篇，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在，首段的末句對(duì)于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義。

（2）精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填入空格。七選五空出的是整個(gè)句子，可以通過選項(xiàng)中某個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關(guān)性來確定這兩個(gè)句子之間有一種關(guān)聯(lián)性，從而選擇正確的答案。如第1題，根據(jù)上句At one time it was the dream of many little girls to become a nurse.以及下句Recently about 2,000,000 nurses are needed and 60 percent of all hospitals in the US have shortages可知。由此可推斷出題空處應(yīng)該是表話題轉(zhuǎn)折，因此選項(xiàng)E. Today, however, America is facing its worst nurse shortage since World War I. 然而，今天美國正面臨著自從一戰(zhàn)以來最嚴(yán)重的護(hù)士短缺。符合題意，故選E。

（3）解題的關(guān)鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。尤其要注意代詞，連詞等。如表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but，though, however 等。

最后，用代入法，檢查答案是否合理，將所有選擇答案放回空白處，通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否語義連貫合理、緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。

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