【題目】假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)(^),并在此符號(hào)下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。

注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

2.只允許修改10處多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

We all knew we can’t live on our own. A lot of things are very important in our lives, such as animals which are usual considered as one of the most essential part. They help us in many ways except providing their meat for us and making our diet variously. Moreover, people get much fun and pleasure when lived with them. In my opinion, how the animals give us may be more than the things we do for them, but they are our great and honest friends. So in the return, we should do our best protect them because we can not live without them.

【答案】第一行 knew ----know

第二行 usual ---usually part ---parts

第三行 except---besides variously --- various

第四行 lived ---living how ---what

第五行 but ---and in the return刪掉the do our best 后加to

【解析】

1knew---know 考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處我們知道是事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示,故knew---know。

2usual---usually 考查副詞。此處usually是修飾considered,應(yīng)該用副詞。故usual---usually。

3part---parts 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。One of 后面跟的是許多,是其中之一,故part---parts。

4except---besides 考查連詞。句意:他們?cè)谠S多方面幫助我們,除了為我們提供他們的肉,并使我們的飲食不同。除了幫助我們這一方面其他的也幫忙。所以這一方面是包括在內(nèi)的。故except---besides。

5variously---various 考查形容詞。make這里是作為使役動(dòng)詞,意為使,讓,make sb/ sth + adj. 使某人/某物...。故variously---various。

6lived---living 考查動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)我們住在一起的時(shí)候,是當(dāng)時(shí)住在一起的時(shí)候獲得歡樂(lè),應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示狀態(tài)。故lived---living。

7how---what 考查引導(dǎo)詞。句意:這些動(dòng)物給了我們什么,故how---what。

8but---and 考查連詞。前后表示的都是肯定的意思,而非轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,應(yīng)該用and連接。故but---and。

9protect---to protect 考查固定用法。do our best to do sth盡我們最大的努力去做.......,故protect---to protect。

10in the---in 考查固定用法。In return作為回報(bào)。故in the---in。

在短文改錯(cuò)中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤主要有以下幾類(lèi):

1. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)用錯(cuò),可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的混用。比如第3題:考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。One of 后面跟的是許多,是其中之一,故part---parts。

2. 動(dòng)詞:時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),常出現(xiàn)在總體時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在時(shí),中間雜有不適的另一時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)象;或是及物動(dòng)詞后無(wú)賓語(yǔ),或是不及物動(dòng)詞后加了賓語(yǔ);需要接ing形式的接了to,或相反等。比如第1題:考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處我們知道是事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示,故knew---know

3. 形容詞副詞:常出現(xiàn)需形容詞的地方用了副詞或相反;關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等的缺失或錯(cuò)用。比如第5題:考查形容詞。make這里是作為使役動(dòng)詞,意為使,讓,make sb/ sth + adj. 使某人/某物...。故variously---various。

4. 介詞:主要是介詞的多余或缺失,錯(cuò)用。

5. 主謂一致性:第三人稱單數(shù)漏掉s,或主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了單數(shù);再就是就近原則對(duì)主語(yǔ)的影響。

6. 冠詞:定冠詞the的多余或缺失,如季節(jié),月份,星期,球類(lèi)及三餐活動(dòng),稱呼頭銜前等不能加the的地方加了the。比如第10題:考查固定用法。In return作為回報(bào)。故in the---in。

7. 數(shù)詞:主要是序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯(cuò)用。

8. 連詞:不合句中的邏輯關(guān)系。如需轉(zhuǎn)折連詞(如but)的時(shí)候用了承接連詞(so),或相反等等。比如第8題:考查連詞。前后表示的都是肯定的意思,而非轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,應(yīng)該用and連接。故but---and。比如第4題:考查連詞。句意:他們?cè)谠S多方面幫助我們,除了為我們提供他們的肉,并使我們的飲食不同。除了幫助我們這一方面其他的也幫忙。所以這一方面是包括在內(nèi)的。故except---besides。

9. 代詞:主要是代詞的格與數(shù)的錯(cuò)用。如男性用了女性代詞,單數(shù)用了復(fù)數(shù)代詞或相反;應(yīng)當(dāng)用形容詞性的物主代詞用了賓格,主格或相反,關(guān)系代詞的錯(cuò)用或缺失。

10. 常用固定短語(yǔ)或固定用法及句型用錯(cuò)。比如第9題:考查固定用法。do our best to do sth盡我們最大的努力去做.......,故protect---to protect。

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