Question

【題目】In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(繁榮). Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culturewhich only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear can we discover a new meaning in competition.

【1】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

A. It pushes society forward. B. It builds up a sense of duty.

C. It improves personal abilities. D. It encourages individual efforts.

【2】The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in paragraph 3 means_____.

A. those who try their best to win

B. those who value competition most highly

C. those who are against competition most strongly

D. those who rely on others most for success

【3】What is the similar belief of the true competition and those with a “desire to fail”?

A. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.

B. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

D. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

【4】Which point of view may the author agree to?

A. Every effort should be paid back.

B. Competition should be encouraged.

C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.

D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】本文主要講述的是不同的人對待競爭的不同的觀點，。有人認為競爭有利于社會進步，有人則認為競爭讓人與人之間的關(guān)系變得緊張。集中考查了推理題，做此類題時，學(xué)生應(yīng)盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來猜測，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進行邏輯上的推理，有時還需依靠常識和經(jīng)驗。

【1】 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二行Some value it highly , believing that it is responsible for socialprogress and prosperity說明A正確。

【2】 推理判斷題。根據(jù)本句Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered undercompetitive pressures from their parents or society .該詞就是指那些遭受巨大競爭壓力的人，他們反對競爭，故C正確。

【3】細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第四行：Both are based on the mistaken belief that one‘s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others�？梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論：這兩種持不同觀點的學(xué)生，其實有一個共同點，那就是都把自己的價值體現(xiàn)在與別人的比較和競爭中。故選A。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that ifthey had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot說明這些人害怕失敗，害怕競爭。所有才會有各種各樣的逃避競爭的現(xiàn)象，所以我們要把對失敗的恐懼從競爭中去除掉。故D正確。