Question

【題目】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible

Parents everywhere praise their kids when they do well in school, win a ball game, or build an impressive sandcastle, anything that seems to be something "remarkable". Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be stricter." giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence

In fact they may he wrong. Too much praise can make kids afraid to try new, things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them. Still, not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments

So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused an the effort - mot the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children's efforts to put themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, says Donahue, author of parenting Without Fear, "Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses."

Praising the effort can also mean you need to identify the part where your kids make special

efforts in a particular scenario(情景). Instead of saying, "you are such a good baseball player", say, "you hit the ball really hard. You are an excellent first baseman. "Being specific is much better and helps kids identify with their special skill, Donahue says

Answer 1

【答案】Parents praise their kids to boost their confidence. However, too much praise may stop their kids from exploring new things. Kids may also feel discouraged and stop trying without adequate praise. So what matters is the quality of praise, Parents should learn to give sincere and specific praises for their efforts in a particular case

【解析】

概要寫作，簡言之就是對所讀過的文章簡要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之為摘要。主要考察對文章主旨大意的概括和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力，同時考查學(xué)生用簡潔語言概括文章重要信息的能力及對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力。

寫作步驟

1）細(xì)讀原文。找出文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意，并列出原文要點。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

如本文，首先讀第一段可知，本文主要敘述了孩子們在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出色時，父母總會進(jìn)行表揚，給予他們信心。可譯為：Parents praise their kids to boost their confidence.。第二段主旨大意為：事實上他們可能錯了。太多的表揚會讓孩子害怕嘗試新事物，或者冒險，因為害怕無法在父母表揚的地方保持領(lǐng)先地位。因此要恰當(dāng)?shù)乇頁P。此大意可重新表達(dá)為：However, too much praise may stop their kids from exploring new things. Kids may also feel discouraged and stop trying without adequate praise.于是第三段和第四段提出如何才能恰當(dāng)?shù)乇頁P，即“Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused an the effort - mot the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.”還要“Praising the effort can also mean you need to identify the part where your kids make special efforts in a particular scenario”，表揚重在質(zhì)量，要真誠。要在特定情況下的努力給予真誠和具體的表揚。此大意可重新表述為：o what matters is the quality of praise, Parents should learn to give sincere and specific praises for their efforts in a particular case

2）在寫作時概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實，同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。最后注意要點之間的銜接，安排好篇幅的比例。不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對原文句子做一些句型轉(zhuǎn)換，同義詞的運用，概括，主被動語態(tài)，合并句子等，形成新的東西。

3)看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。