Question

【題目】As is often the case, parents are very shocked to discover their children have lied to them for the first time. But new research has suggested many parents may not even notice many of the lies their children tell them.

Psychologists have discovered that most parents are over-confident in their children’s honesty and this may impair their ability to discover a lie.

The findings may help to explain why some parents seem to be willing to let their children get away with almost anything even in the face of the evidence. They say parents suffer from a “truth bias(偏見)” with their own youngsters, but when faced with lies from other people’s children, they have less difficulty telling if a statement is true or not.

Dr Angela Evans, a psychologist at Brock University in Canada, said, “The close relationship that parents share with their own children may lead to parents failing to detect their children’s lies. Parents’ truth bias may result in parents being less suspicious of their children, allowing them to successfully cheat them.”

Most children are thought to start lying as early as two years old but start telling more believable lies at around the age of four years old. Learning how to lie is considered as a key part of cognitive(認知的) and social development in children. But many parents are shocked when their children start lying to them. In their study, Dr Evans and her colleagues filmed 108 children aged between 8 and 16 as they performed a test after being asked not to look at the answers. They were then asked afterwards if they had looked, with 50 truthfully denying looking, 49 lying about looking and 9 admitting to looking.

Videos of those denying looking were then shown to 152 parents of children aged 8 to 16, 80 of whom had children who had taken part in the test. The researchers found that the parents were less able to spot lies told by their own children than by other people’s children.

【1】What does the underlined word “impair” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. Show. B. Develop. C. Recognize. D. Damage.

【2】When lying to their parents, children can’t be easily found because ________.

A. their parents aren’t prepared for the lies

B. their parents can’t notice any of their lies

C. they are very good at hiding their lies

D. they know how to lie to their parents

【3】What does Dr Evans want to find about children’s lying?

A. What makes parents lose trust in their children.

B. What causes children to tell lies to their parents.

C. What makes parents fail to see their children’s lies.

D. What affects children’s relations with their parents.

【4】What can be inferred from Dr Evans’s study in the last two paragraphs?

A. Parents tend to protect their own children.

B. Lying is a part of children’s development.

C. Children aged 8 to 16 are very likely to tell lies.

D. Parents can easily judge lies told by children of others.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】父母對孩子的誠實過于自信，以及和自己孩子的親密關(guān)系而無法察覺孩子的謊言。所以當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子說謊時很震驚。

【1】D

猜測詞義題。此處指心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)父母對孩子的誠實過于自信，這可能會削弱他們發(fā)現(xiàn)謊言的能力。“impair”損害，削弱，與damage同義，故選D。

【2】A

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段many parents may not even notice many of the lies their children tell them.第二段most parents are over-confident in their children’s honesty and this may impair their ability to discover a lie.第三段The findings may help to explain why some parents seem to be willing to let their children get away with almost anything even in the face of the evidence.第四段“The close relationship that parents share with their own children may lead to parents failing to detect their children’s lies.等內(nèi)容可知，由于父母對孩子的誠實過于自信，不愿意接受孩子撒謊的事實，再加上和自己孩子的親密關(guān)系而無法察覺孩子的謊言。故選A。

【3】C

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Dr Evans的觀點“The close relationship that parents share with their own children may lead to parents failing to detect their children’s lies. Parents’ truth bias may result in parents being less suspicious of their children, allowing them to successfully cheat them.”可知，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么父母不能成功識別孩子謊言的原因，故選C。

【4】D

推理判斷題。根據(jù)when faced with lies from other people’s children, they have less difficulty telling if a statement is true or not.和The researchers found that the parents were less able to spot lies told by their own children than by other people’s children.可知，父母判斷別人的孩子說謊比判斷自己孩子說謊更容易，故選D。

推理判斷題的常見考查形式及解題方法：

推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的題目。此類題要求在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含的意思和深層的意思，也就是通過文章中的文字信息，上下邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知的信息，推斷出作者沒有直接表達的態(tài)度和觀點。

本文主要考查推測文章的觀點或結(jié)論。小題2考查父母不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子說謊的原因，根據(jù)第一段many parents may not even notice many of the lies their children tell them.第二段most parents are over-confident in their children’s honesty and this may impair their ability to discover a lie.第三段The findings may help to explain why some parents seem to be willing to let their children get away with almost anything even in the face of the evidence.第四段“The close relationship that parents share with their own children may lead to parents failing to detect their children’s lies.等內(nèi)容可知由于父母對孩子的誠實過于自信，不愿意接受孩子撒謊的事實，和自己孩子的親密關(guān)系而無法察覺孩子的謊言。小題3根據(jù)第四段Dr Evans的觀點“The close relationship that parents share with their own children may lead to parents failing to detect their children’s lies. Parents’ truth bias may result in parents being less suspicious of their children, allowing them to successfully cheat them.”可知，Dr Evans發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么父母不能成功識別孩子謊言的原因。小題4考查文章觀點，根據(jù)when faced with lies from other people’s children, they have less difficulty telling if a statement is true or not.和The researchers found that the parents were less able to spot lies told by their own children than by other people’s children.可知，父母判斷別人的孩子說謊比判斷自己孩子說謊更容易。