Question

【題目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get【1】(wire) into our brains.

"Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway.

"We all as creatures are behaving that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to 【2】 is delayed," Volkow says.

How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemicalnamed dopamine. It causes the brain 【3】(pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right hint from your environment.

People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus 【4】(destroy) attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it 【5】 show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says， "It's fascinating."

A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance reduction for adopting better habits.

【6】well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps that may help fight your brain's hold 【7】 newly-established habits:

Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, 【8】 (make) the striatum(終腦皮層)recognize the habit.Therefore, if you don’t keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.

Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit 【9】 your muscles protest.

Besides, try to reward yourself with 【10】 that you really desire. For instance, if you exercise all week or stick to your diet, you could try a fancy restaurant- safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】wired

【2】what

【3】to pursue

【4】destroying

【5】can

【6】However

【7】on

【8】makes

【9】even if/even though

【10】something

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了很難改掉壞習(xí)慣的生物學(xué)上的原因以及如何讓大腦擺脫壞習(xí)慣的方法。

【1】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們的許多壞習(xí)慣很難改掉，有一個生物學(xué)上的原因——它們與我們的大腦相連。此處用“連系動詞get+過去分詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，強調(diào)所處的一種狀態(tài)，故填wired。

【2】考查賓語從句。句意：沃爾科夫說:“作為生物，我們都有這樣的行為，就是為了讓即時的回報比延遲的回報更有價值”。opposed to后為賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，故填what。

【3】考查非謂語動詞。句意：它使大腦一次又一次地追求獎賞，每次都加強這種聯(lián)系。cause sb to do sth表示“使某人做某事”，故填to pursue。

【4】考查非謂語動詞。句意：人們往往高估了自己抵抗身邊誘惑的能力，從而破壞了改掉壞習(xí)慣的努力。People與destroy之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表還主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，故填destroying。

【5】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：即使是認識到這一點的科學(xué)家也會表現(xiàn)出弱點。空后是動詞原形，此處需要填情態(tài)動詞，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“會、可能（會）”，故填can。

【6】考查副詞。句意：研究人員表示，不管最終會付出多大的代價，還是有一些方法可以幫助你擺脫大腦對新習(xí)慣的控制。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“不管怎樣、無論”，故填However。

【7】考查介詞。句意同上，此處的hold為名詞，表示“控制”，后接介詞on表示“對……的控制”，故填on。

【8】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在早上的同一時間鍛煉，而不是隨意地去做，會讓終腦皮層意識到這個習(xí)慣。陳述的是客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時，動名詞（短語）作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填makes。

【9】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：鍛煉本身會提高多巴胺的水平，所以即使你的肌肉抗議，最終你的大腦也會得到良好的刺激。根據(jù)句意可知前后是讓步關(guān)系，此處表示“即使”，故填even if/even though。

【10】考查代詞。句意：此外，試著用你真正渴望的東西來獎勵自己。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“某些東西”，用于肯定句中，故填something。