6．A man was charged with first••degree murder of a 79．-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death．In an attempt to escape after a bank robbery，the 20．year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the  home of Mary Parnell．Police say he didn't touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terror．Can the guy be held responsible for the woman's death？Prosecutors（公訴人） said that he can under the state's murder rule，which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person's death while committing or fleeing from a felony crime like robbery---even if he or she doesn't kill someone on purpose．
But，medically speaking，can someone actually be frightened to death？
Absolutely，no question about it．
The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response（戰(zhàn)或逃反應），which was originally described by Walter Cannon，the chairman of Harvard University's physiology department from 1906to 1942．If，in the wild，an animal is faced with a life．threatening situation．the autonomic nerve system responds by increasing heart rate，increasing blood flow to the muscles，and slowing digestion，among other things．All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast．This process certainly would be of help to ancient humans．However，in the modem world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response．
The autonomic nerve system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response．This chemical is toxic（有毒的1in large amounts；it damages the organs such as the heart，lungs，liver and kidneys．It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart．There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death．Kidney failure，liver failure，those things don't kill you suddenly．
By the way，any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result．There are people who have died in strong emotions．There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one，turned to his partner and said，"I can die now"一and then he dropped dead．For about seven days after the 9-11terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon．there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers．

31．Why was the man charged？B
A．Because he was trying to kill an old woman．
B．Because he caused an old woman's terror and she died．
C．Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack．
D．Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank．
32．The underlined word felony in Para．1most probably meansB．
A．new    B．severe    C．deadly   D．organized
33．Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true？C
A．The fight-or-flight response was not raised or proved yet．
B．It is a natural protective method that can only be found in humans．
C．The ancient humans had a better fight-or-flight response than modem ones．
D．The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs．
34．What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs？D
A．Winning a big lottery．    B．Missing a dead family．
C．Watching a horror movie．  D．Listening to a sweet song．
35．The purpose of the passage isD．
A．to explain why people will die of a heart attack
B．to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure
C．to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death
D．to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death．

分析 本文通過引入一個老婦人因恐懼而致死的案例來講述人類在表現(xiàn)出強烈的情緒時或許會導致猝死的現(xiàn)象．文章對這種導致猝死現(xiàn)象的原因進行了詳細的描述．

解答 31．B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章"In an attempt to escape after a bank robbery，the 20．year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the  home of Mary Parnell．Police say he didn't touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terro"可知，這個男人闖進一個老婦人的家中后，老婦人由于恐懼而突發(fā)心臟病而死亡，因此他被指控．故選B．
32．B．詞義猜測題．根據(jù)文章原句"Prosecutors said that he can under the state's murder rule，which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person's death while committing or fleeing from a felony crime like robbery---even if he or she doesn't kill someone on purpose．"可知，檢察官認為，他引起婦人死亡，即使不是故意，也會被法律判為felony罪．由法官的話可推測，這種造成人類死亡的必定是重罪．故"felony"是嚴重的意思．故選B．
33．C．推理預測題．根據(jù)文章"This process certainly would be of help to ancient humans．However，in the modem world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response"可知，這個過程肯定會有助于遠古的人類．然而，在現(xiàn)代逃跑反應有明顯的下降．可推測，古代人類對戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑情況有與現(xiàn)狀相比一個更好的反應．故選C．
34．D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章"By the way，any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result"可知，任何強烈的積極或消極的情緒，如快樂或悲傷，也會導致器官損傷．結(jié)合選項可知，聽一首甜美幽靜的歌曲時不會損傷器官．故選D．
35．D．主旨大意題．通讀全文可知，本文通過引入一個老婦人因恐懼而致死的案例來講述人類在表現(xiàn)出強烈的情緒時或許會導致猝死的現(xiàn)象．故選D．

點評 本文是健康環(huán)保類閱讀，考查學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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41．How many guidelines does Dr Lorenzo mainly suggest on doing exercises when people catch a coldB？
A．One． 
B．Two． 
C．Three． 
D．Four．
42．How should people do exercises with a fever or a coughB？
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B．They should stop exercising until they recover．
C．They should start exercising at 50% after their runny nose settles．
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B．Prolonging the illness．
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D．Bringing about threat to life．
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C．Doing exercises regularly can help us prevent colds．
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C．How to cope with flu． 
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I looked at David and showed him to a chair．How could I help him？There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to，and which no words can describe．Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically．
The first two times we met，David didn't say a word．He sat there，only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me．I suggested we play a game of chess．He nodded．After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon-in complete silence and without looking at me．It's not easy to cheat in chess，but I admit I made sure David won once or twice．
Usually，he arrived earlier than agreed，took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down．It seemed as if he enjoyed my company．But why did he never look at me？
"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，"I thought．"Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering．"Some months later，when we were playing chess，he looked up at me suddenly．
"It's your turn，"he said．
After that day，David started talking．He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club．He wrote to me a few times，about his biking with some friends，and about his plan to get into university．Now he had really started to live his own life．
Maybe I gave David something．But I also learned that one-without any words-can reach out to another person．All it takes is a hug，a shoulder to cry on，a friendly touch，and an ear that listens．

47．When he first met the author，DavidC．
A．felt a little excited           
B．walked energetically
C．looked a little nervous        
D．showed up with his teacher
48．As a psychologist，the authorA．
A．was ready to listen to David
B．was skeptical about psychology
C．was able to describe David's problem
D．was sure of handling David's problem
49．David enjoyed being with the author because heB．
A．wanted to ask the author for advice
B．needed to share sorrow with the author
C．liked the children's drawings in the office
D．beat the author many times in the chess game
50．What can be inferred about David？A
A．He recovered after months of treatment．
B．He liked biking before he lost his family．
C．He went into university soon after starting to talk．
D．He got friends in school before he met the author．

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