Question

12．Following one million middle-aged women in Britain for 10 years，a study finds that the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded．
The results come from the so-called Million Women Study，which took on women aged 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001，and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of death and hospital admissions．The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy，in control，relaxed and stressed，and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure，diabetes，depression or anxiety．
When the answers were analyzed statistically，unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death．It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．
Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500，000 women who reported that they were in good health，with no history of heart disease，cancer，or stroke．A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy，he said，but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were the women who were generally happy．
"This finding refutes（駁斥）the large effects of unhappiness and stress on deathrate that others have claimed，"Dr．Peto said．Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors，he warned．
This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments，is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group．But the huge number of people in this study gives it power．Still，some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced（細微的）and complex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness．
"I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate these complicated feelings into a self-report of happiness，"said Baruch Fischhoff，a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University．
The results of earlier studies have been mixed，with some finding that unhappiness causes illness and others showing no link，Dr．Fischhoff said．"It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal，"he said．However，an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods．
Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．"People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks，"he said．

Topic	Happiness Doesn't （71）NecessarilyBring Good Health
（72）Subjects/Participantsof the research	One million women aged 50 to 69
（73）Procedure/Steps of the research	l  Track the women with questionnaires． l  Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission． l  Make statistical （74）analysesof the answers．
Results of the research	l  It lacks basis that unhappy people （75）tendto suffer mortality more easily． l  Unhappiness may （76）account/makefor some dangerous behavior． l  Whether the conclusion applies to men hasn't been     （77）confirmed/proved
（78）Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknessesof the research	l  It just depends on how people involved （79）assess/evaluatethemselves． l  Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex． l  The results of earlier studies have been mixed．
Significance of the research	l  The largest population were involved． l  Statistical methods were used．
Professor Peto's concern	The study can （80）hardlychange people's minds as the beliefs about the disadvantages of unhappiness are so anchored．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇議論文．文章首先提出論點，認為高興有助于健康和長壽是缺乏事實依據的．然后，以研究為基礎，從反面說明了不高興與死亡并沒有直接的聯系，只是可能會引起一些危險行為，從而佐證作者的論點．

解答 71．Necessarily  歸納概括題．根據全文給出的論據論點可知，文章講述的是高興并"不一定"會帶來健康．
72．Subjects/Participants   推理題．從后面的One million women aged 50 to 69可知，是在講研究的"被試者或參與者（對象）"．
73．Procedure/Steps   推理題．根據后面給出的Track the women with questionnaires． Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission．Make statistical analyse of the answers．提示可知，這里陳述的是研究的"步驟或者說是程序"．
74．analyses  詞性轉換題．根據statistical可知，后面要跟名詞形式，故把原文When the answers were analyzed statistically里的analyze轉換成名詞形式．
75．tend   推理題．根據unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death可知，不開心的人會更容易"引起"死亡缺少依據．
76．account/make   推理題．根據Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly，but it can do harm in other ways，by driving people to suicide，alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors可知，不開心可能會"導致"一些危險行為．
77．confirmed/proved   推理題．根據It is not clear whether the findings apply to men．可知，這個結論是否適用于男性還沒有被"證實或確認"．
78．Drawbacks/Shortcomings/Disadvantages/Weaknesses   歸納概括題．根據后面給出的 It just depends on how people involved assess/evaluate themselves． Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex． The results of earlier studies have been mixed可知，這些都是該研究的"不足或缺陷"．
79．assess/evaluate   原詞再現題（詞性轉換題）．根據This type of study，in which people involved depends on their self-assessments可知，該研究僅僅取決于人們對自己的"評價或評估"．
80．hardly   推理題．根據Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs about the risks of unhappiness are so rooted．可知，Professor Peto 認為，該研究"幾乎不"能改變人們的觀念，因為他們對不高興有害健康的觀點根深蒂固．

點評 1．推理判斷題要整體把握句意，然后作出合理的推測；
2．原詞再現題要注意詞性的轉換，一定判斷清楚該空所需詞性．