Question

【題目】請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。

If you said you were suffering from “burnout” in the early 1970s, you might have raised some eyebrows.

At the time, the term was informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users experienced.

However, in 1974, a German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger found the volunteers at his clinic were struggling, too: their work was tough, and many were lacking in motivation. Freudenberger defined this condition as a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork－and borrowed the term “burnout” to describe it.

Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the problem will be recognized as a syndrome (綜合征) “resulting from workplace stress that has not been successfully managed.”

Feeling the burn so how can you tell if you’re almost burned out?

“A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says Siobhan Murray, a psychotherapist. She suggests looking out for bad habits, such as increased alcohol consumption and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away or not having the energy to exercise or go for a walk. As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. “Depression and pre-burnout are very similar. But it is still classified as an occupational phenomenon which is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes.”

And how do you know if you’re really on the edge of burnout? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,” says Murray. “It’s when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety that it starts to turn into burnout.”

You’re pre-burnout: What’s next?

“Sometimes they feel the need to be too perfect so they’re having to work very hard to cover up that they’re not quite as good as everyone thinks.” Another therapist Walker says.

However, sometimes the work environment is the problem. According to a 2018 study of 7,500 US workers, burnout comes from unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person’s role should involve. Workers were also stressed out by a lack of support from their manager and punreasonable time pressure.

Whatever the cause of your burnout, Murray’s top tip is to be kind to yourself.

In Murray’s experience, a key driver of burnout is today’s culture of wanting it all. Often it’s just not possible to have a healthy social life and complete a big project at the same time. She says it’s vital to prioritize and not expect too much of yourself; when others seem like the perfect boss, parent and friend all at the same time, they’re probably misleading us.

If you feel that you might be close to joining the burnout club, take a step back, figure out what’s going wrong－and let yourself off the hook.

Outline	Details
【1】in the explanation of burnout	In the early 1970s, it referred to the side effects of drug 【2】. Freudenberger used it to describe the state of those 【3】 volunteers under overworking conditions. WHO will recognize it as a syndrome arising from the 【4】 to manage stress.
Symptoms of burnout	It shares some 【5】 with depression, such as tiredness and 【6】 of energy, due to people's continual exposure to stress and anxiety.
Causes of burnout	People are unwilling to admit that they are 【7】 Companies can’t 【8】favorable working conditions.
Approaches to 【9】. burnout	Be 【10】to yourself: accept what you are; step away from it.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】Changes/Differences

【2】abuse/addiction

【3】tired/exhausted

【4】failure

【5】similarities

【6】lack/overuse

【7】imperfect

【8】provide/offer /offord

【9】avoiding

【10】kind

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了 “精力耗盡”這個(gè)詞的定義和相應(yīng)癥狀，造成這種癥狀的原因以及提出避免的方法。

【1】考察概括總結(jié)。由文章前三段以及所填空表格右邊的內(nèi)容可知，講的是burnout在不同時(shí)期的不同解釋，因此填Changes或Differences。

【2】考察同義替換。原文第一段即指出，在70年代burnout指的是重度吸毒者遭受的副作用，因此heavy drug users這里轉(zhuǎn)換為drugabuse/addiction。

【3】考察同義替換。原文第三段a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork可知，是指人們因?yàn)椴粩喑��?fù)荷工作而勞累，而本題所填空在volunteers前，應(yīng)該是形容詞，因此講tiredness轉(zhuǎn)換為tired/exhausted。

【4】考察同義替換。原文第四段最后一行stress that has not been successfully managed可知，是指沒能處理好壓力，而本題所填空應(yīng)該是名詞，固定搭配fail to do表示未能做成某事，此處轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞failure。

【5】考察同義替換。原文第六段第一行be very similar to depression可知，burnout和depression很相似，而所填空應(yīng)該是名詞，固定搭配share similarities with …表示和…很類似，因此填similarities。

【6】考察同義替換，原文第六段第三行需要酒精get you through the day 和not having the energy可知，覺得自己沒有精力，或者是精力被過度消耗，所填空為名詞，因此填lack或overuse。

【7】考察同義替換。原文倒數(shù)第五段可知，人們被要求很完美，因此努力去做到別人想的那樣，即人們不愿意承認(rèn)自己的不完美，本空應(yīng)填形容詞，因此填imperfect。

【8】考察同義替換，原文倒數(shù)第四段the work environment is the problem和后面具體的unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person's role should involve可知，公司沒能提供有利的工作環(huán)境，所填空應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞，因此填provide/offer /afford。

【9】考察概括總結(jié)。由文章最后兩段內(nèi)容可知，要接納自己，不要給自己過多的壓力過多的期待，是在介紹避免burnout的方法，且固定搭配approach to doing,因此填avoiding。

【10】考察原詞重現(xiàn)。原文倒數(shù)第三段Murray建議要be kind to yourself，因此填kind。

本篇任務(wù)型主要考察較為簡單的同意替換，除了5題和7題可能稍有難度，因?yàn)榭忌�可能不知道所考的固定搭配或不知�?/span>perfect的反義詞是imperfect，其余題目難度不大，整體屬于較為簡單的任務(wù)型。