1.It is pretty much a one-way street.While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial (商業(yè)的) world,there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.Pay has always been the biggest  deterrent,as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.For some industrial scientists,however,the attractions of academia (學(xué)術(shù)界) outweigh any financial (金錢的) considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70%cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge.Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.Some areas of inquiry have few prospects (前景) of a commercial return,and Lee's is one of them.
The influence of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career.Guy Grant,now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge,spent two years working for a medicine company before returning to university as a post doctoral researcher.He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual chances.
Higher up the ladder,where a pay cut is usually more important,the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the change to academia more attractive,according to Lee.Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not,such as how to build a multidisciplinary team,manage budgets and negotiate contracts.They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate,says Lee,perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development."Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career.So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential (潛力) in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project."

57.By"a one-way street"in Paragraph 1,the author meansC.
A.university researchers know little about the commercial world
B.few university professors are willing to do industrial research
C.few industrial scientists would leave to work in a university
D.there is little exchange between industry and academia
58.The underlined word"deterrent"most probably refers to"something thatD".
A.helps to move the traffic          B.a(chǎn)ttracts people's attention
C.brings someone a financial burden  D.keeps someone from taking action
59.What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?B
A.Less work hours.
B.More freedom to choose research fields.
C.Better prospects of a commercial return.
D.Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
60.What can industrial scientists do when they come to teach in a university?D
A.Make its research more practical.
B.Develop its students'potential in research.
C.Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
D.Increase its graduates'competitiveness in the job market.

分析 本文敘述了對很多研究人員來說,雖然放棄大學(xué)的工作到商界很有吸引力,但是很少有人這樣做.說明很多人不愿意放棄大學(xué)里的研究.

解答 57.C 推理判斷題.從文章第一段的"While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial (商業(yè)的) world,there is very little traffic in the opposite direction."可知:雖然大學(xué)研究人員到商業(yè)領(lǐng)域碰運氣很普遍,但相反的工業(yè)科學(xué)家很少到大學(xué)工作的.選C.
58.D 詞義猜測題.根據(jù)該詞后面的原因狀語從句"as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.因為攜家?guī)Э诘娜藗兘?jīng)常會覺得無法承受回大學(xué)工作所帶來的薪酬上的減少."可知"Pay has always been the biggest deterrent"這句話說明了"薪酬總是最大的制約因素",故D項正確.
59.B 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段的"Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions."可知B項正確,她想要更多的自由選擇研究領(lǐng)域.
60.D 推理題.根據(jù)文章最后一段"Higher up the ladder,where a pay cut is usually more significant,the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉(zhuǎn)換) to academia more attractive,according to Lee.They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate"說明他們回大學(xué)教書可以讓學(xué)生學(xué)到很多實際的經(jīng)驗,在求職的路上有更多的優(yōu)勢,故D正確.

點評 政治類文章多采用記敘文形式,我們可采取"順讀法",以便抓關(guān)鍵語句,領(lǐng)會文章主旨;而經(jīng)濟類文章則多采用說明文形式,我們則可以采取"逆讀法",先讀試題,再從文章中查找有用信息.

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