【題目】假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下句子。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意: 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞。

1Generally speaking, females are not junior than males in wisdom.

______________________________________________________

2The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

______________________________________________________

3He desired that you went to pick him up after school.

______________________________________________________

4Lisa was working as a secretary in a big firm for the first time I met her.

______________________________________________________

5Having warned of the danger in the street at night, she went home with a friend accompanying her.

______________________________________________________

【答案】

1than換成to

2thought 后加it

3went 換成go

4刪掉for

5Having后加been

【解析】

1句意:一般來(lái)說(shuō),在智慧方面,女性并不比男性低級(jí)。junior to資淺,是固定短語(yǔ),所以than換成to。

2to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.是真正的賓語(yǔ),前面需要一個(gè)形式賓語(yǔ),所以thought 后加it。

3that you go to pick him up after school.desired之后的賓語(yǔ),所以that you go to pick him up after school.是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。desire之后的賓語(yǔ)從句,需要使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形,should可以被省略的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,所以went 換成go。

4我第一次見(jiàn)到Lisa時(shí),她正在一家大公司當(dāng)秘書。這里the first time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,所以刪掉for。

5“她”與“警告之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),Having后加been。

一、 動(dòng)詞 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,此時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞表示的是一種愿望和要求。

1. wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

wish 后面賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,要按“后退一步法”處理從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。注意:表示何時(shí)的愿望,與哪個(gè)事實(shí)相反,不能以主句的時(shí)態(tài)為判斷依據(jù),而應(yīng)根據(jù)從句的意義判斷。例如:I wish I could fly. 我希望我能飛。(用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望) I wish I had known it before. 我希望以前就對(duì)此事有所了解。(用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,即與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望) I wish you would stay a little longer. 我真希望你能多呆一會(huì)。 (would+動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望)

2. 表示“要求、建議、命令”等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

這類動(dòng)詞包括:demand, suggest, order, insist, propose等。這些動(dòng)詞后面的從句中用 “should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 其中 “should” 可以省略。例如:He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means. 他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)到那兒。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學(xué)生們每周都要自己洗衣服。

注意:當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”、suggest表示“表明,暗示”時(shí),其后的從句中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. 他的表情暗示出他對(duì)我為他所做的事非常滿意。 He insisted that he was honest. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。

二、 短語(yǔ)would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式表示虛擬。例如: I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要就此事發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。 Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early? 為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué)呢?

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