【題目】閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的適當形式。

【1】The mother ___________(upset) to find her daughter hadn’t come back yet.

【2】While __________(wait) for the bus, I found a poster on the wall.

【3】The student got up so late that she had to go to class __________ breakfast.

【4】It is the first time that he __________(climb) a mountain alone.

【5】The teacher was angry because the boy broke the glass __________ purpose.

【6】He kept regular exercise and his health was improved __________(gradual).

【7】Discuss in groups and tell _________ use the people make of the river.

【8】They met in an old house_________ roof had been damaged by the storm.

【9】Many people think that the British speak the standard English. _________, it is not the fact.

【10】Most people prefer traveling to other places to __________(stay) at home.

【11】This is the very book ______ has good maps showing details of world geography.

【12】The two men talked happily __________ if they were close friends.

【13】Many houses ________(destroy) and the people didn’t know where to stay for the night.

【14】His friend wrote an e-mail to express her __________(congratulation) on his success.

【15】After __________(graduate) from college, they found time to carry out their traveling plan.

【答案】

【1】was upset

【2】waiting

【3】without

【4】has climbed

【5】on

【6】gradually

【7】what

【8】whose

【9】However

【10】staying

【11】that

【12】as

【13】were destroyed

【14】congratulations

【15】graduating

【解析】

【1】考查時態(tài)和形容詞。句意：母親發(fā)現(xiàn)女兒還沒回來，很不安。upset是形容詞，意為“難過的，不安的”；分析句子結構，此處應該是句子的謂語，用be upset構成“系表結構”；根據(jù)句子后半句的時態(tài)hadn’t come back可知，是敘述過去的情況，因此用一般過去時；主語the mother是單數(shù)，故填was upset。

【2】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在等公共汽車的時候，我在墻上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張海報。wait和其邏輯主語也就是句子的主語I之間是主動關系；根據(jù)句意，應為“while I was waiting for the bus”, 因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填waiting。

【3】考查介詞。句意：這個學生起得太晚了，以至于她不得不沒吃早飯就去上課。根據(jù)句意，應為“沒吃早飯就去上課”；without 是介詞，意為“沒有”。故填without。

【4】考查時態(tài)。句意：這是他第一次獨自去爬山。固定句式It is the first / second time that…意為“這是第一/二次做…”，that后的從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時；從句的主語是he，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填has climbed。

【5】考查固定短語。句意：老師很生氣，因為那個男孩故意打破了玻璃。短語on purpose 意為“故意地”，故填on。

【6】考查副詞。句意：他經(jīng)常鍛煉身體，健康狀況逐漸好轉。修飾謂語動詞was improved，應用副詞，故填gradually。

【7】考查從屬連詞。句意：分組討論，然后說出人們是如何利用這條河流的。分析句子結構，所填詞是tell后賓語從句的引導詞；短語make use of “利用”；此處填what 引導賓語從句，在從句中作定語，意為“什么”；“what use the people make of the river”意為“人們利用這條河的什么用途”。故填what。

【8】考查定語從句。句意：他們在一所舊房子里相遇，房子的屋頂被暴風雨破壞了。分析句子結構，空格后是定語從句，先行詞是an old house，根據(jù)句意，應為“the roof of the house”，因此用whose引導定語從句，在從句中作定語，意為“……的”。故填whose。

【9】考查連詞。句意：許多人認為英國人說的是標準英語。然而，事實不是這樣的。根據(jù)句意，前一句說“很多人認為…”，后一句說“事實不是這樣的”，前后是轉折關系；空格后有逗號，因此用however表示轉折。故填However。

【10】考查非謂語動詞。句意：大多數(shù)人喜歡去其他地方旅行，而不是呆在家里。短語prefer …to...“喜歡…而不喜歡，寧愿…而不愿”，后面接并列結構，前面prefer后是動名詞，因此to后也應是動名詞，故填staying。

【11】考查定語從句。句意：這就是那本書，里面有很好的地圖，可以顯示世界地理的細節(jié)。在定語從句中先行詞被the very 修飾時，在從句中作主語，用that引導定語從句。故填that。

【12】考查狀語從句。句意：這兩個人愉快地交談，好像他們是親密的朋友。根據(jù)句意，此處用as if 引導方式狀語從句，意為“好像”。 故填as。

【13】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：許多房屋被毀，人們不知道在哪里過夜。句子主語many houses和destroy之間構成動賓關系，應用被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)后半句的時態(tài)didn’t know可知是敘述過去的事情，因此用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)；主語many houses是復數(shù)，故填were destroyed。

【14】考查名詞。句意：他的朋友寫了一封電子郵件來表達對他成功的祝賀。名詞congratulation表示“祝賀”，通常用復數(shù)形式；短語congratulations（to sb. ） on …“ 祝賀（某人）….”。故填congratulations。

【15】考查非謂語動詞。句意：大學畢業(yè)后，他們找出時間去完成他們的旅行計劃。graduate和其邏輯主語也就是句子的主語they之間是主動關系；根據(jù)句意，應為“After they graduated from college”，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填graduating。

狀語從句的省略

1.當從句的主語是it, 且謂語動詞是be或包含be的某種形式時, it和be�？赏瑫r省略。如:
　If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。
　You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。

2.當從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，從句可以省略主語；如果從句的謂語動詞和主句的主語之間為主動關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果從句的謂語動詞和主句的主語之間為被動關系，用過去分詞。如：

After taking the medicine, she felt much better. (=After she took the medicine,…)

吃下藥之后她感覺好多了。

When asked why he was late, he said he missed the train.( =When he was asked why he was late,…)

當問他為什么遲到時，他說他錯過了火車。

如本題第10小題，從句的動詞graduate的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致，并且和句子主語they之間是主動關系，因此狀語從句的省略形式用現(xiàn)在分詞。

3.當從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，若從句的謂語動詞是系動詞be或包含be的某種形式，此時從句的主語和be動詞通常可以一同省略。如:
（1）連詞+形容詞
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。

She hurried out of the room, as if (she was) angry. 她匆忙地出了房間，好像很生氣的樣子。

（2）連詞+名詞
He could write poems when (he was) yet a child. 他還是個孩子的時候就會寫詩了。

（3）連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
　While (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
　The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for somethng lost on the sports ground.這男孩很不耐煩地在操場上到處跑著，好像在找什么東西。

（4）連詞+過去分詞

Unless (he was ) asked, he wouldn’t tell the truth. 除非問他，否則他不會說實話的。

（5）連詞+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當時他站起來好像要說什么。

He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負責,他也解決不了這個問題。

（6）連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。

He came across one of his friends while (he was) on a visit to New York. 當他去紐約的時候，他偶然遇到一個朋友。

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