2009年高考英語知識點串講（5）
第5講
一、Language points
1.
sth：與…一致/符合
sb：同意某人
with one’s
idea/opinion 同意某人的意見
what sb said (觀點，所說的話)
to on’s plan/arrangement/suggestion
agree 同意某人的計劃、安排、意見
about/on/upon sth同意做某事
to do sth
that-clause
2.
of/about sth 提醒
remind sb to do sth
that-clause 使人回憶起…
3. add…to…：把…加上(在)…
add to=increase：增添，增進(jìn)
add up (to)：加(起來是)，總計達(dá)…
4. success n.(U)成功，(C)成功者/事
succeed v. successful a. successfully ad.
be successful
in (doing) sth
succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
have success in doing sth
Sb/sth is a success.
5. 
be/stay/keep+in touch with 表狀態(tài)
be out of touch with
get in touch with 表動作
lose touch with
6. in case of+短語
in case+從句
in no case決不
in any case無論如何
in that case如果那樣
5. 
expensive/cheap
valuable/valueless
priceless=very expensive：無價的
6. 
respond (vi)+ to…：對…回應(yīng)
with/by：以…(方式)回答，響應(yīng)
resonse (n.)
7. 
be harmful to sb/sth
do sb/sth harm
do harm to sb/sth
do sb/sth good
do good to sb/sth
8. 
die out：(家族、物種等)死光，滅絕；
(習(xí)俗、做法、觀念)消失，過時；(火)熄滅
die away：(風(fēng)、聲音、光線等)逐漸停止(消失)
die down：(指爐火等)漸熄；(指騷動等)漸平息；(指鬧聲)消失
die off：先后死去了；…死去
die of：死于內(nèi)因(如疾病、年老、饑餓、情感等)
die from：死于外因(如損傷、事故、天災(zāi)等)
11. as a/the result of：由于…
as a result：結(jié)果，因此
result from：因…而引起
result in=cause：導(dǎo)致，致使…
12. 
take measures to do sth：采取措施
make clothes to one’s own measure：量體裁衣
13. 
late：晚，遲，不久前
lately=recently：近來
last：最后，最后的
latest：最近的，最新的
later：后來；結(jié)構(gòu)常為：一段時間＋later：過了…之后
14. 
adapt to sth/sb：適應(yīng)某物/某人
adapt sth/sb to sth/sb：使某物/某人適應(yīng)某物/某人
adapt oneself to：使自己適應(yīng)某事
adapt from：根據(jù)…改寫/改編
adapt：指修改或改變以適應(yīng)新條件
You should adapt yourself t the new environment.
adjust：是指“調(diào)整、調(diào)節(jié)”使之適應(yīng)
You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to
your eyes
fit：多指“大小適合”，引申為“吻合”
The shoes fitted me well.
suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情況”等
No dish suits all taste.
match：指“大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等”相配或相稱
A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers.
adopt sb：收養(yǎng)
sth：采用
15. 
devote oneself/time/life to
look forward to doing sth
be/get used to
stick to/get down to/object to
16. 
free of charge
for free
be free from
set sb/sth free
17. 
by force：靠武力，強行
be in force：生效
come/go into force：生效
force one’s way：強行前進(jìn)或進(jìn)入
18. 
It’s one’s turn to do sth：輪到某人干某事
take one’s turn：依次，輪到某人
in turn：依次，輪流，反過來，轉(zhuǎn)而
by turns：輪流，交替
take turns (at) doing sth/to do sth：輪流干某事
二、語法專題──介詞的考點
1. 常用介詞的意義區(qū)別
(1)表示時間 at+時間點：在…時刻，在…點鐘，在…歲時
on+某天或某天的某個時間：在某日、星期幾、某日早中晚等
in+時間段：在…期間，在…以后，在…時間內(nèi)
by+時間：在…之前，不遲于…，常與完成時連用
(2)表示方位：in/on/to/off
(3)表示部位
on+ the head/shoulder/back/nose：表示拍打較硬或凸形的部位
in+ the face/ear/stomach/eye:：表示拍打較軟或凹形的部位
by+ the arm/hand/nose: 表示牽、拉、抓某部位
(4)表示之間：between/among
(5)表示方式
by：乘…(交通工具)，通過…(方法)，常接無冠詞名詞或動名詞
with：以…工具/手段，用身體某部位，常接帶冠詞的具體某工具
in：表示表達(dá)的方法、媒介、工具、材料等
through：通過…途徑/方式/方法
(6)表示穿越
through：表示從物體里面穿過，還可表示沿著街道、河流走
across：表示從物體表面經(jīng)過，還可表示橫過街道、河流
over：表示從物體上方越過，還可表示挎在肩上
2. “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
3. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
4. 含有介詞的固定搭配
①有無冠詞，意義不同
in front of/in the front of
in charge of/in the charge of
out of question/out of the question
at table/at the table
on earth/on the earth
②有無介詞，意義不同
know sb.認(rèn)識某人/know about sb.了解某人
shoot sb.擊中某人/shoot at sb.向某人射擊
search sb.搜身/search for sb.搜尋某人
believe sb.相信某人的話/believe in sb.信任某人的人格
benefit sb.使某人受益/benefit from sb.從某人那里得到益處
③不要畫蛇添足
serve for the people為人民服務(wù)
enter into the room進(jìn)入房間
follow behind me跟在我后面
at the moment… …就…
in this/that/last/next year今年/那年/去年/明年
in one/any/each/every/some/all year
一年/任何一年/每年/每年/某年/全年
marry with sb.與某人結(jié)婚
go to abroad出國
live in upstairs住在樓上
④不要張冠李戴
be caught in the rain被雨淋著（不用by）
leave for someplace動身去某地（不用to）
set an example to sb為某人樹立榜樣（不用for）
in the direction朝著…方向（不用to）
do a favor for sb幫某人一個忙（不用to）
different from和…不同（不用with）
with the help of在…的幫助下（不用under）
steal sth from sb偷某人的東西（不用of）
⑤別丟三落四
drop in on sb拜訪某人（別丟了on）
drop in at someplace參觀某地（別丟了at）
look down upon瞧不起（別丟了upon）
think of…as認(rèn)為…是（別丟了of）
look on…as認(rèn)為…是（別丟了on）
rxplain to sb sth向某人解釋某事（別丟了to）
from behind the door從門后面（別丟了behind）
be worth listening to值得一聽（別丟了to）
這類題型主要從句子的形式、句子的意義來考查對英語句子的把握和理解情況，具體表現(xiàn)在主謂一致、意義一致、人稱一致、非謂語動詞及介詞的邏輯主語一致等方面。
三、題型歸納──邏輯型單項填空
1. Qiong Yao with her works____ very popular with us young people.
A. be B. are C. were D. become
2. What I like best, to tell you the truth, ____, in my opinion, the books my brother bought me as my birthday present last week.
A. are B. is C. have D. existed
3. The teacher told us that practice____ perfect.
A. make B. makes C. made D. making
4. Hurry up, if you____ there with us.
A. go B. will go C. would go D. could go
5. At the age of seven, ____.
A. his father died B. he lost his father
C. his dog followed him D. his parents divorced
6. ____, his mother saw him playing games with other children.
A. On his way home B. From his room
C. From her office D. Under his nose
7. She has long been expecting a chance to study abroad and at last she got____.
A. it B. that C. another D. one
8. If a student can make what has been learned____ whether in class or from social practice, he will make steady progress.
A. his own B. him C. himself D. his
9. He is one of the students who, I’m sure, always do____ best.
A. his B. their C. my D. one’s
10. Neither Rose nor Henry likes to attend the meeting, ____?
A. does she B. does he C. do they D. did you
11. ____ more attention, the tree may grow better.
A. Give B. Giving C. Given D. To give
12. Someone must have taken it away this morning, ____?
A. haven’t they B. hasn’t he C. don’t they D. didn’t he
13. ----What do you think worries him so much? ----____.
A. He didn’t pass the exam B. His father is seriously ill
C. Lost his bike D. What Jim said just now
14. Miss Wilson, whose parents are____ working in
A. either B. all C. both D. no
15. The teacher as well as a number of students____ to attend the party yesterday.
A. were asked B. was asked C. were asking D. was asking
1-5 DABBB 6-10 CDDBC 11-15 CDDCB
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