年高考完形填空常用詞匯總結(jié)
動(dòng)詞類：
1“看” look看的動(dòng)作/ see看的結(jié)果; watch觀察/observe為了研究進(jìn)行的觀察; Notice注意catch sight of看見(jiàn)/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪著看
Glance瞅見(jiàn)/glimpse瞥見(jiàn) see a film watch TV
2“說(shuō)” telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告訴的內(nèi)容 talk with sb about sth強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者之間的交流 Say sth訴說(shuō)的內(nèi)容 speak in English說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言 whisper sth to sb 耳語(yǔ) Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做某事 Bargain討價(jià)還價(jià) chat聊天 repeat重復(fù) explain解釋 warn警告 remind提醒 Discuss 討論debate辯論 figure 指出declare宣布 claim自稱 mention 提起 admit 承認(rèn)deny 否絕 describe描述 announce 公布 introduce 介紹complain抱怨
3“叫” cry哭叫 call叫 shout大喊 scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh嘆氣 quarrel大吵
4“問(wèn)” ask 詢問(wèn) interview 采訪 express表達(dá) question審問(wèn)
5“答” answer回答 respond回應(yīng)(用其他方式回應(yīng)) reply回復(fù)
6 “聽(tīng)” listen to聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作 hear聽(tīng)的結(jié)果 pick up收聽(tīng) overhear無(wú)意聽(tīng)到
7“寫” dictate聽(tīng)寫 write sth 寫 describe描寫 drop a line 寫信 draw畫
take down/write down寫下，記下
8“拿/放” take拿走 bring拿來(lái) hold舉著 carry扛，挑 （無(wú)方向性） fetch拿來(lái)拿去 lift舉 Put放 lay 鋪/放置 pull拉/push推
9“抓” take hold of 抓著 seize緊抓 grasp 握住 scratch 摳
10“打” hit一次性的打擊 beat不間斷的打擊 strike突然的擊打/突然想到 blow吹刮
attack攻擊
11“扔” throw扔 drop掉 放棄 錯(cuò)過(guò) fall 倒下無(wú)意掉下來(lái) wave 招手 shake搖
12“送” send寄送 deliver遞送 give給 offer 主動(dòng)給予 see off給某人送行
13“摸/抱” touch摸 /fold折疊 /embrace擁抱 / hug抱/hold 握 in one’s arms
14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 輕敲
15“行” walk run climb jump skip 單腿跳 slip溜 come/go enter進(jìn)入 move搬遷 drive開(kāi)車 ride 騎fly crawl 匍匐前進(jìn)
16“坐” sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，聳立/ lean斜靠
17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest take a nap打盹 be asleep bend turn over翻身 rest
18“笑” smile 微笑（不出聲） laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing
19“哭” cry shed tears 留淚 weep嗚咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying
20“找/查” find找到 look for正在找過(guò)程 find out查明 discover/explore 發(fā)現(xiàn)/探索
hunt for search for seek / seek for in search of尋找 Search sb 搜身 search sp. for sth 為某物而搜尋某地
Check檢查，核實(shí) examine 考察發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題/體檢 test檢測(cè)，檢驗(yàn) inspect視察
21“穿” put on 動(dòng)作 wear穿戴 have on試穿 be dressed in 穿的狀態(tài) make-up化裝
get changed換衣服 be in red Take off 脫 remove 去除
22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸 have a meal have supper toast taste
treat sb to請(qǐng)某人吃 help oneself to 隨便吃
23“得” get obtain acquire獲得知識(shí)和技能 gain possess
24“失” lose 丟了 be lost /be missing人錯(cuò)過(guò)失蹤，不見(jiàn) gone不見(jiàn)（物） great loss die die off相繼死去 die away 逐漸消失
25“有” have 有 own是自己的 conquer征服 occupy占有=possess
26“無(wú)” nothing left the remaining thing disappear be missing /gone
27“增/減” rise / go up /drop
人主動(dòng)抬價(jià) raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease
28“買/賣” buy purchase afford pay pay off pay for sell on sale bargain
Bill / cheque / cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts
29“存在/消失”come into being exist appear survive live show turn up
Disappear die die out pass away be out of sight
30“變化” develop improve become grow go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without（ negative adj.） turn + colour change /change into reform
31“認(rèn)識(shí)的過(guò)程”feel sense guess suppose wonder doubt know /learn realize
Understand remember be familiar with recall recite apply to
32“成功/失敗”make it succeed make progress come true realize one’s dream win
Lose fail to do failure defeat suffer loss beat turn sth. Into reality
33“努力” try /manage make efforts attempt do ones best do as much as one can to do
34祝賀 congratulations on sb celebrate observe 慶祝 get together 聚會(huì)
35贊美/批評(píng) praise think highly of / blame sb for sth/ sb is to blame
criticize /scold sb. for sth. have a low opinion of sb Speak ill of
36喜/惡 like love be fond of be keen on be crazy about adore be into prefer enjoy in favor of Dislike hate be awful/disgusting ignore turn off
37判斷 think believe consider find feel conclude infer doubt
38到達(dá) arrive at reach return to get to stay in sp visit leave leave for
on one’s way to upon one’s arrival on doing sth
39受傷 hurt injured wound cut kill drown bleed get burnt suffer from
suffer a loss
40損壞 damage destroy ruin break down be broken crash
41修復(fù) repair rebuild restore fix recover oneself
42支持/反對(duì) agree disagree accept receive refuse turn down
be against elect vote for/ against
43 做飯 cook wash cut chop boil fry steam make mix clean brush cover uncover cooker
44 建議 advise suggest recommend urge propose demand persuade 說(shuō)服
45 花費(fèi) sth/doing sth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford +n/to do sth
It +take some time/ money/energy +to do sth sb+ pay+$ for sth. at one’s expense
46 省/存錢 save /save up set aside put away spare no effort/ time
47 參加 take part in join /join in attend compete in/ for/against
48控告 accuse sb. of charge sb. With
49 救治 help /help out save /rescue sb from sth. Treat過(guò)程 / cure 結(jié)果sb. Of sth
Aid sb in doing sth / to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth
50敬佩 admire respect show respect for/to adore envy /be jealousy in honor of
51逃避 ran away escape from flee hide
52 阻止/禁止 prevent / keep/ stop sb. From doing sth forbid doing sth. Ban prohibit
53 對(duì)付/處理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth solve settle
54 效仿 copy imitate learn from learn
54 爆發(fā)/發(fā)生 come about happen to take place break out
burst out go off explosion
55安裝/裝備 fasten fix set equip
be armed with 用什么武裝 be equipped with裝備有
56 追求 pursuit ran after seek after chase catch up with趕上 keep up with跟上
57 想/考慮 think of 考慮/+as把什么看成 think about想起 consider
think over仔細(xì)考慮 be concerned 擔(dān)心 be considerate towards sb.
58 打算 plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do
59 似乎/好象 seem appear look like as if as though
60 開(kāi)辦/關(guān)閉 open start set up close/close up end close down
名詞類“
1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off
2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking
3職務(wù)人員 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess
Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher
Conductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard
4餐館/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin
5診所/看病/服藥 clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient
6車站/機(jī)場(chǎng) airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.
7身體部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist
8意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy
9才能/品質(zhì) talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud
Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable
10優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) advantage disadvantage strength weakness
11目標(biāo) aim goal intention purpose belief faith
12方式 means method way manner approach
13身體素質(zhì) strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight
14圖表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 劃草圖
15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary日記 Files form make a list of
16課堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree
Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks
17 學(xué)�；顒�(dòng) match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony
18建議/觀點(diǎn) advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation
19氣候/天氣 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth
20交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike
give sb. a lift/ride
21習(xí)慣 habit custom get used to regular有規(guī)律的（形容詞） practice慣例（名詞）
22感覺(jué) sight hearing touch smell sense
23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow
24 財(cái)富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off
25 運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/
26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)， cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
27事件 incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故
形容詞類
1人的各種感受
樂(lè)happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused
悲 sad unhappy painful bitter
平靜 calm quiet silent/still peaceful
煩bother bored be fed up with
震驚 surprised astonished shocked /amazed
怕 in fear be frightened /scared /afraid
失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed
滿意be satisfied with /be content to do
生氣 Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage
2 表程度的副詞類
narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite
Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far
Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus
….
易考的近義詞組
Run/ manage grow/ plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ match
Hit/ beat/strike meet/ satisfy touch /feel play /performer
Contain/ hold /seat/ fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ do
Fall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ account
Cause/ reason that’s why/ that’s because because/ since,as/ for
Last/ continue keep/ stay/ treat/ cure/ operate separate/ divide
Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/range
Provide/supply/offer/ give/send
___________（to be continued）
高考常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納小結(jié)
look 的常用短語(yǔ)：
look up … in查找 look sb. up and down 上下打量
look back to/ upon回顧 look upon…as把… 看作
look forward to期待 look through瀏覽; 看穿
take a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌
fear的常用短語(yǔ)：
in fear害怕地 (be) in fear of 害怕 for fear of/ that擔(dān)心；生怕
concentrate 的常用短語(yǔ)：
concentrate on 專心… concentrate one’s mind on 專心于…
類似的短語(yǔ)：
fix one’s mind upon focus on put one’s heart into
focus one’s mind on
surprise常用短語(yǔ)：
in surprise驚訝地 to one’s surprise 使某人驚訝的是
be surprise at/to do/that對(duì)某事感到驚訝
表示“穿衣”的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞和短語(yǔ)
1．表示動(dòng)作的有：
pull on put on dress dress sb
2. 表示狀態(tài)的有：
wear be in be dressed in have … on
常見(jiàn)表“喜歡”的短語(yǔ)和單詞
like care for be keen on be fond of
take delight in…
trouble的常用短語(yǔ)：
have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在…有/沒(méi)有困難
take great trouble to do不辭辛勞做某事
put sb to the trouble of doing …為難某人做某事
make trouble搗亂
be in (great) trouble 惹麻煩；處在困境中
help sb. out of trouble幫某人擺脫困境
end的常用短語(yǔ)：
come to an end……結(jié)束 put an end to 結(jié)束……
on end豎起, 連續(xù) in the end終于; 最后
end up (by) doing…以……結(jié)束 make both ends meet收支相抵
表示“導(dǎo)致”、“由…引起”的短語(yǔ)：
1. 導(dǎo)致
cause sth. (to do) result in lead to
2. 由……引起
be caused by result from grow out of lie in
表“全力以赴”的短語(yǔ)：
do / try one’s best spare no efforts to do
take great pains to do go all out to do
do what somebody can (do) to do do all somebody can (do) to do
direction常用短語(yǔ)：
in (the ) direction of….朝……方向
under the direction of ...在……的指導(dǎo)下
follow the directions照說(shuō)明去做
far常用短語(yǔ)：
far from (being)離……要求相差很遠(yuǎn) far from +(a place)距離某地很遠(yuǎn)
far away遙遠(yuǎn) so far 到目前為止; 那么遠(yuǎn)
as far as sb. knows/sees據(jù)某人所知 by far (最高級(jí)前,比較級(jí)后)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
distance常用短語(yǔ)：
in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處 from/ at a distance從遠(yuǎn)處
keep sb. at a distance 于某人保持一定距離 It is no distance at all.不遠(yuǎn)
use常用短語(yǔ)：
used to do過(guò)去曾經(jīng)、常做 be used to doing …習(xí)慣于……
be used to do被用來(lái)做…… make good/ full use of充分利用……
come into use開(kāi)始使用…… it is no use doing …干……沒(méi)有用
“出了什么事”的幾種不同表達(dá)
What’s wrong with….? What’s the matter with…?
What’s the trouble with…? What happened (to sb.) ?
“眾所周知”常用表達(dá)法：
It is known to all that…主語(yǔ)從句，that不能省 As is known to all,定語(yǔ)從句，置于句首
We all know (that)后接賓語(yǔ)從句 Everyone knows (that)后接賓語(yǔ)從句
, which is known to all.非限定從句，置于句末
表“同意某人意見(jiàn)”的常用短語(yǔ)：
agree with sb. /what sb. said agree to sth.
approve (of) sth. in favour of sth.
be agreeable to sth. be for sth. “不同意”
disagree with sb./ what sb. said object to sth.
disapprove (of) sth. be against sth.
sign的常用短語(yǔ)：
sign one’s name簽名 sign to sb (not) to do sth. 示意某人(不)做某事
signs of ………的跡象
would rather 與 prefer 的區(qū)別
1．寧愿做……而不做……
would rather do A than do B prefer A to B
prefer to do A rather than do B
2. would rather 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去式，表示“寧愿”
eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去式，表示“比較喜歡……”
eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.
OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.
trap常用短語(yǔ)
be caught in a trap落入圈套 be led into a trap中圈套
set a trap to do sth.設(shè)圈套…… be trapped in sth.被…..所圍困
grow常用短語(yǔ)
in the grow of在….成長(zhǎng)中 grow up長(zhǎng)大; 成長(zhǎng)
grow rich on*….. 變富 grow into長(zhǎng)成……
grow out of由…..引起/滋生出
make常用短語(yǔ)
be made up of =consist of 由……組成 make up for彌補(bǔ)
be made from/ of由……造成 make up編造;組成;化妝
be made into制成…… make fun of取笑; 嘲弄
make a living 謀生
supply, provide, offer 的區(qū)別：
1．表示“向某人提供某物”
supply / provide sb. with sth. supply / provide sth. for sb.
supply sth. to sb. offer sb. sth.
2. 表示“主動(dòng)提出做某事”
offer to do sth.
3. 表示“倘使”、“假如”
provided / providing that= on condition that=only if
4. 表示“滿足需要”supply / meet a need.
supply的常用短語(yǔ)
in short supply 缺乏，不足 medical/military supply醫(yī)療/軍用品
supplies of…許多
lack的常用短語(yǔ)
be lacking in sth. 在……不足 make up for the lack of 彌補(bǔ)……的不足
for/by/from/through lack of…由于…不足,缺乏 have no lack of不缺
damage的常用短語(yǔ)
do damage/harm to 對(duì)……有害
cause damage to 對(duì)……造成損害
ask for damage要求賠償
die of 與die from 的區(qū)別
die of 表示“死于……病”或凍死、氣死，或死于過(guò)度悲傷。
die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/cold
die from表示死于外傷、事故、勞累過(guò)度。如：
die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrust
die常用短語(yǔ)
die for one’s country為國(guó)捐軀 die down熄滅、平息
die off絕種、枯死 die away消逝、靜下來(lái)
die a heroic death英勇?tīng)奚?/p>
threaten常用短語(yǔ)
threaten sb. with sth.用……威脅某人 threaten to do…威脅做……
under the threat of…在……的威脅下
speed常用短語(yǔ)
speed up加速 at the speed of…以…..的速度
with great speed迅速
aim常用短語(yǔ)
take aim at瞄準(zhǔn) reach an aim達(dá)到目的
aim at瞄準(zhǔn)、針對(duì)
permit與allow 的區(qū)別
表“允許做某事”或“允許某人做某事”用法基本相同。
permit/allow doing sth. permit/allow sb. to do sth.
permit /allow of sth
一般在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中表示“時(shí)間、條件等許可”，多用permit
Time/Weather permitting, I’ll drop in on her.
allow 還可以表示“承認(rèn)”、“考慮到”。例如：
1. We allow him to be wronged.
2. will take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic delays.
means常用短語(yǔ)
by means of通過(guò)….., …… by this means/ in this way用這種方法
by no means/in no case決不 by all means用一切辦法
keep常用短語(yǔ)
keep up with緊跟….. keep sb. doing sth.讓某人一直做
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止…..做…… keep off the grass勿踏草地
keep to the point緊扣主題 keep in touch with與……保持聯(lián)系
mark常用短語(yǔ)
make one’s mark成功、出名
be marked with標(biāo)明
gain/get full marks for ……得滿分
seat常用短語(yǔ)
take one’s seat坐下 have a seat請(qǐng)坐
see/find sb. seated看見(jiàn)/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人坐在…. be seated就座, 坐著
seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在……
部分 動(dòng)詞+ to + doing 的用法
look forward to get down to
object to devote… to…
pay attention to prefer…to…
give常用短語(yǔ)
give up放棄 give in讓步\屈服
give off 散發(fā)出 give away贈(zèng)送、泄漏
give rise to 引起…… give out 疲勞、用完、散發(fā)出
fit常用短語(yǔ)
be fit for適合 keep fit/keep healthy保持健康
be fit to do 適合于….. fit in with適應(yīng)……
a nice fit合身的衣服 …fit sb.某人穿….. 合身
reach 常用短語(yǔ)
reach an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議 reach for…伸手去拿/夠……
within / out of reach夠得到/夠不著 reach sb’s understanding 使某人明白
feed常用短語(yǔ)
feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用……喂養(yǎng)……
be fed up of…/ be tired of…/ be bored with… 對(duì)……感到厭倦
feed on以……為食
mercy常用短語(yǔ)
without mercy殘忍地 have mercy on /upon 對(duì)……表示憐憫
at the mercy of任憑擺布 beg for mercy 乞求饒恕
exist常用短語(yǔ)
exist in/lie in/consist in存在于…… in existence 現(xiàn)存的
come into existence/ come into being 形成
opinion常用短語(yǔ)
in one’s opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看來(lái)
have a high/ low opinion of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)高/低
give one’s opinion on 對(duì)……談自己的看法
persuade常用短語(yǔ)
persuade sb. to do = persuade sb. into doing 說(shuō)服某人做某事
try to persuade sb. to do 試圖說(shuō)服某人做某事
persuade sb. to sth. 說(shuō)服某人同意某事
engage 常用短語(yǔ)
be engaged to sb. 與某人訂婚
be engaged in sth. = be engaged doing sth. 忙于……, 從事某事
wide 與broad 的區(qū)別
它們均可以表“寬”和“廣闊的”
a river 50 feet wide/ broad
指身體部位“寬肩、寬背”一般用broad, 表示
“睜大眼睛、張大嘴巴”一般用wide。
broad shoulders/ back
with wide eyes
open one’s mouth wide
wide 還可以作副詞，表示“完全、大大地”
be wide awake
be wide open
sure常用短語(yǔ)
be sure of/about 對(duì)……由把握 be sure to do sth. 肯定會(huì)……
make sure + that-clause 務(wù)必……,一定要……make sure of… 弄清楚……
experience 常用短語(yǔ)
have experience in… 在……有經(jīng)驗(yàn) be experienced in… 在……有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
pain 常用短語(yǔ)
take great pains to do 努力做某事 spare no pains to do 全力以赴做某事
stick 常用短語(yǔ)
stick to sth. 堅(jiān)持…… stick …on… 粘貼……
be stuck in … 陷進(jìn)…… stick no bills 請(qǐng)勿張貼
spare 常用短語(yǔ)
spare money/time for 省出錢…，騰出時(shí)間 in one’s spare time 在某人業(yè)余時(shí)間
spare no efforts to do 不遺余力去做 don’t spare the opinions 不要保留意見(jiàn)
put down的不同含義
put down (one’s knife and fork) 放下…… pit down the rebellion 鎮(zhèn)壓
put down what sb. says 記下，寫下
take up 的不同含義
take up a hobby 培養(yǎng)…… take up football 開(kāi)始……
take up the work 繼續(xù)…… take up…time/space 消耗,占據(jù)……
take up a post 就職 take up a song/ cry 跟著一起……
habit 常用短語(yǔ)
form/get the habit of養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣
be in/have the habit of 有…….習(xí)慣
get into the habit of 沾染了……惡習(xí)
get rid of the habit= grow out of the habit= break away from the habit改掉了……習(xí)慣
2009屆高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)素材大全
a great/good many: a large number of許多。修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
I'm quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙，我有很多事要做。若復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有限定詞或其修飾的為代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)加of .
①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已經(jīng)賣了很多書了。
②A great many of them are out of work.他們很多人失業(yè)了。
able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)
①He is an able man.那人本事不小。
enable(v)使……能
②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我們要多學(xué)知識(shí)以便能面對(duì)各種困難。
disable:有殘疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一類人（殘疾人）
able作詞輟時(shí)
①可以……的，值得……的（有被動(dòng)含義）
eatable可食用的，measurable可以測(cè)量、估計(jì)的；readable可讀的
②其他含義：conformable舒適的、安逸的；suitable 合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
above,over,on
三個(gè)詞都可以表示"在……上"，但用法不同。On表示與某物體表面接觸；over表示在某物體垂直的上方，含"布滿、覆蓋、跨越"之意，與under 相對(duì)；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，與below相對(duì)。注意：與數(shù)字、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度詞連用時(shí)，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一萬(wàn)多人；表示年齡、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十開(kāi)外的人；above zero零度以上。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：well above average遠(yuǎn)在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一個(gè)；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那邊； all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over再三地
[應(yīng)用]介詞填空
①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it.
②The mother held an umbrella______the boy's head so that the sun wouldn't burn him.
③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.
④The moon was______the trees in the east.
Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above
above all 首先，特別是，最重要的是
after all 到底，畢竟
at all (用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)與not連用，表示"一點(diǎn)也不，完全不"。
in all 總共
all but 幾乎，差點(diǎn)沒(méi)（=almost,nearly）
①We have all but finished the work.
②The day turned out fine after all.
③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.
④He wasn't at all tired.
⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的，確實(shí))？
⑥There were twenty in all at the party.
accident/event/ incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然發(fā)生的事故，特別是不幸的、有損害性的事故。incident相對(duì)于accident來(lái)說(shuō)，顯得不很重要，指"小事件"，它還可以用來(lái)表示"事變"，如叛亂、爆炸等。如：
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.廣播員正在播報(bào)時(shí)事新聞。
He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中，他嚴(yán)重受傷。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那輛公共汽車上發(fā)生了一件事，有個(gè)人和售票員打了起來(lái)。
Have you heard of Xi'an Incident?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)"西安事變"嗎？
admit vt.①接納，許可……進(jìn)入（allow sb./sth.to enter）
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.
②承認(rèn)，后可接名詞，doing、從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.
advice建議；勸告。是不可數(shù)名詞，"一條建議"應(yīng)用a piece of advice。常用結(jié)構(gòu)。give sb.advice(on)/give advice給某人提（關(guān)于……的）建議；忠告某人。ask(sb.)for advice征求（某人的）意見(jiàn)。
①M(fèi)arx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.關(guān)于如何學(xué)好外語(yǔ)，馬克思給我們提了些好建議。
②If you take /follow my advice,you'll pass the exam.如果你聽(tīng)從我的建議，你會(huì)考試及格的。
③Let's ask our teacher for some advice.咱們征求一下老師的意見(jiàn)吧。
admire（= respect / praise）vt.羨慕，欽佩，夸獎(jiǎng)
admire sb.（for sth.）佩服某人某事
Visitors to
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。
對(duì)比：envy（= jealous）vt.嫉妨，羨慕
envy sb.（sth.）嫉妒/羨慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.
我們都很羨慕你的好運(yùn)。
advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事（suggest不這樣用）。
①I advise you to take the chance.我建議你抓住機(jī)會(huì)。
②-What do you advise me to do?你建議我怎么辦？
-I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我勸你不要灰心，繼續(xù)干。
advise 還可同suggest一樣，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）和that從句（用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）作賓語(yǔ)。
①-What would you advise?你有什么建議嗎？
-I advise you an early start我建議你早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
②I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建議召開(kāi)一次會(huì)議來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
③I advise you (should) go to once.我建議你馬上去。
advise ，persuade
persuade sb. to do sth.意為"說(shuō)服某人做某事"，強(qiáng)調(diào)勸說(shuō)成功，說(shuō)服；advise sb. to do sth. 意為"勸說(shuō)某人做某事"，不涉及勸說(shuō)是否有效，相當(dāng)于try to persuade sb. to do sth.。如：
The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.醫(yī)生說(shuō)服我爸爸戒了煙。
The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.
醫(yī)生勸我爸爸戒煙，但沒(méi)成功。
advise; suggest
advise 與suggest 都可作"建議"講，二者用法有同有異。
(1)相同點(diǎn)
表示建議做某事，advise與suggest都可采用下列三種句型:
① + 名詞
② + 動(dòng)名詞
③ + that從句（從句中常用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。）
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注：只要是用從句表示建議該做的事，從句中就可用"should+動(dòng)詞原形"，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可轉(zhuǎn)化為：
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同點(diǎn)
①advise后可以跟人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)，而suggest后不可以跟人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)。故可以說(shuō)：
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that...
前三種結(jié)構(gòu)中不可將advise改為suggest，如：
他建議我們?nèi)⒂^博物館。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[誤]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
②suggest還有"暗示、表明、說(shuō)、指出（一個(gè)事實(shí)）"的意思。此時(shí)從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陳述了一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用陳述語(yǔ)氣。)比較：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建議該做某事，從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should在從句中省略。)
affect（=have an effect on sth.）vt.影響（effect n.影響）
This may affect your health.
這或許會(huì)影響你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.
我的嗓子總是受惡劣天氣的影響。
afraid
1)"be afraid of+名詞"，意為"害怕"。
2）"be afraid of doing sth"意為"擔(dān)心，害怕……"。
3）"be afraid for…"意為"為……擔(dān)心。"
4）"be afraid that…"意為"擔(dān)心，恐怕"。
5）"be afraid to do "意為"害怕，擔(dān)心而不敢做某事"。
6）I'm afraid so/not.恐怕是這樣/恐怕不會(huì)這樣
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。
Girls are usually______ _____snakes.
②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。
He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.
③你不為自己的安全擔(dān)心嗎？
Are you afraid_______your safety?
④恐怕她會(huì)迷路。
I am _____ _____she will lose her way.
⑤湯姆把錢丟了，也不敢告訴他母親。
Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.
Key:①afraid,of ②of,breaking ③for ④afraid,that ⑤to tell
again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地
The old man thinks of his happy past again and again.
這位老人再三地想起他幸福的過(guò)去。
age
(1)n.年齡，時(shí)代，時(shí)期
The old man died at the age of 80/when he was 80 years of age/when he was 80 years old.
那位老人80歲時(shí)去世了。
He is young for his age.
就他的年齡而論，他是年輕的。
What is the age of the church?
這座教堂多少年了？
He was the greatest poet of the age.
他是那個(gè)時(shí)代最偉大的詩(shī)人。
(2)vi./vt. 變老
He is aging fast. Worry ages a man.
他老得很快。憂慮令人老！
I found him greatly aged.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他老多了。
拓展：（1）adj. aged……歲的，年老的
a boy aged ten 一個(gè)10歲的男孩
an aged man老人
(2)人生的七期
baby→infant→child→youth→manhood→middle age→old age
嬰兒/0→幼兒7→兒童12→青年28→壯年40→中年65→老年
agree 同意。常用桔構(gòu)：
(1)agree on 對(duì)……取得一致意見(jiàn)或達(dá)成協(xié)議,一般表示原雙方共同商討以后達(dá)成協(xié)議的名詞)。主語(yǔ)必須是兩者以上。也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示"（某事）是大家都同意的"。 如：
①They agreed on the date for the next meeting.對(duì)下次會(huì)議的日期他們達(dá)成了一致意見(jiàn)。
②At last,the plan was agreed on. 最后，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃通過(guò)了。
③I don't agree with you to this arrangement, but perhaps, after a discussion we will agree on this project.我不贊同你在這件事的安排，但或許在協(xié)商之后我們可以就這個(gè)工程達(dá)成共識(shí)。
(2)agree to 同意；贊成。to 為介詞，后接表示"建議；辦法；計(jì)劃"等名詞。
①Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的計(jì)劃嗎？
②The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校長(zhǎng)同意了我們度假的建議。
(3)agree with同意；贊成。后接sb. 或what 從句。
I agree with you ,but I don't agree with what he said.我同意你的意見(jiàn)，但我不同意他所說(shuō)的。另外，agree with還有"與……相適應(yīng)/相一致"的意思。
The climate here doesn't agree with me .我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候。
(4)agree to do sth.同意、答應(yīng)做某事。
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?如果我們答應(yīng)借錢給你，你同意和我們一起去嗎？
ahead短語(yǔ)歸納
go ahead朝前走，請(qǐng)便（同意對(duì)方繼續(xù)干或同意對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求）；go ahead (on)with… 繼續(xù)；ahead of在……前面，早于，優(yōu)先；ahead of time提前
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他朝前走去看看發(fā)生了什么事情。
He ________ ________ to see what had happened.
②我可以坐這個(gè)座位嗎？請(qǐng)坐吧。
May I take this seat?________ _______.
③湯姆的數(shù)學(xué)比瑪麗好。
Tom is ________ _______ Mary in maths.
④她比我早到2個(gè)小時(shí)。
She arrived two hours _______ _______me.
⑤他們已提前三周完成了設(shè)計(jì)。
They have completed the design ________ _______ ________ _______time.
Key:①went,ahead ②Go,ahead
③/ ④ahead,of
⑤three,weeks,ahead,of
alive,living,live,lively,lovely區(qū)別
1)lovely意"可愛(ài)的"，"美好的"如：
a lovely day 美好的一天 a lovely girl 可愛(ài)的女孩
2)alive 意為"活著的、有活力的",是表語(yǔ)形容詞，可修飾人、物；
在句中做表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)和或后置定詞，不能用作前置定語(yǔ)。如
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital.他被送往醫(yī)院時(shí)還活著。
Although he is old, he is still very much alive.
雖然年老了，但他仍十分活躍。
The fish is still alive/living.那條魚還活著。
Keep him alive, please.請(qǐng)讓他活下去吧。
He is the only man alive in the accident.他是事故中惟一活著的人。
After the war , he remained alive .戰(zhàn)后他還活著。
Those alive will gather here. 活著的人將在此相聚。
3)living 意為"活著的、有生命的"，主要用于作前置定語(yǔ)及冠詞the 之后表示一類人，也可用作表語(yǔ)，可修飾人或物。如：
a living plant 活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead.活著的人將繼續(xù)死者的工作。
all living things所有生物 the living 在世者，活著的人們
Latin is not a living language. 拉丁語(yǔ)不是現(xiàn)代使用的語(yǔ)言。
He is still living at the age of 95.95歲了他還活著。
4)live [laiv]
（1）（動(dòng)、植物）"活的"，"有生命的"，"活生生的，主要用來(lái)說(shuō)鳥或其它動(dòng)物，作前置定語(yǔ)；如：a live fish一條活魚 a live tiger 一只活老虎
(2)實(shí)況的，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的；如：a live report現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道a live show/broadcast/TV program現(xiàn)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)播的表演/實(shí)況廣播/現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的電視節(jié)目
living有精神的，活潑的，快活的，輕快的
Her grandfather is still living at the age of 93.
她爺爺已經(jīng)93歲了，仍然健在。
5)lively 意為"活潑的"，"有生氣的", 生動(dòng)的
"生動(dòng)的"，可用作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，指人或物。如：a lively child 活潑的孩子
a lively discription 生動(dòng)的描述如：
a lively mind 活躍的頭腦 a lively discussion 熱烈的討論a way of making one's classes lively 使課堂生動(dòng)的方法
He told a lively story about his life in Africa.
他講述了一個(gè)有關(guān)他的非洲生活的一個(gè)生動(dòng)故事。
Young children are usually lively.
年輕人通常很活潑。
all the same adj.都一樣；無(wú)所謂（to+n.）
①You can stay or leave now;It's all the same to me.
②It's all the same to me whether we'll go there today or tomorrow.
adv.仍然，還是
Thank you all the same.
all the year round 全年，一年到頭
In the west coast of Canada,it rains all the year round.
allow與permit
1)用法相同
allow / permit sb .to do sth .允許某人做某事
allow / permit doing sth . 允許做某事。此時(shí)動(dòng)詞只用ing 形式。
反義詞forbid 具有同樣用法。
2)意義有異同
許多情況下可換用，只是詞意的強(qiáng)弱上有差異。allow語(yǔ)意較弱，含有"聽(tīng)任"，"默許"，"不加阻止"的意思；permit 語(yǔ)意較強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)"正式認(rèn)可"，"批準(zhǔn)"的意思。如：
The nurse allowed him to remain there ,though it was not permitted.
護(hù)士讓他留在那里，雖然這時(shí)（規(guī)定）不允許的。
amaze vt.使……驚奇 = astonish, surprise
The news amazed us greatly.這條消息使我們感到很驚奇。
拓展：（1）amazed人對(duì)……感到吃驚的；amazing（某物）……信人吃驚的。
They were all amazed at the amazing news.
聽(tīng)到這個(gè)令人吃驚的消息他們感到驚訝。
(2)amazement n.
to one's amazement令人吃驚的是
To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna.
讓我奇怪的是，他們?nèi)ノ麟p版納了。
類似短語(yǔ)：to one's happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement
使某人高興的/興奮的/傷心的/迷惑的是
and so on : etc 等等。用來(lái)表示列舉，但又不一一列出。
He knows five foreign languages, English, French, Japanese and so on.他懂5種外語(yǔ)，如英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)等等。
announce, explain, introduce, declare后面不接雙賓語(yǔ)，若以人作賓語(yǔ)常置于to后。如：
The president announced to the workers the sad news.
The president announced the sad news to the workers.
總裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。
He introduced the new comer to everyone here.
他把新來(lái)的那個(gè)人介紹給這里的每個(gè)人。
report to sb.向某人匯報(bào)：report sth/sb.to sb.向某人匯報(bào)/告訴。
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯(cuò)
①The teacher explained his students how to use the computer.
②No one declared us we could not smoke here.
Key:①explain后加to ②declare后加to
another day/the other day/some day/one day
another day 可表示近期將來(lái)的某一天，意為"改天"，也可表示過(guò)去將來(lái)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的"又一天"。如:
She is coming another day instead of today. 她今天不來(lái)，改天來(lái)。
You may do it another day.
你可以改天做這件事。
He stayed there (for) another day/another two days after I lift.
我離開(kāi)后他在那又待了一天/兩天。
the other day 相當(dāng)于a few days ago,意為"幾天前、某天、那天、不久前"，句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
I met her in the street the other day.幾天前我在街上碰見(jiàn)過(guò)她。
I bought the watch the other day.這手表我是幾天前買的。
some day指將來(lái)"總有一天、有朝一日、終將、（日后）某一天"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí).如:
Your wishes will come true some day.總有一天你的愿望會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
Some day you'll have to pay for what you have done.
總有一天你要為你的行為而付出代價(jià)的。
one day可以表示"（過(guò)去）某一天"，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般過(guò)去式；也可表示"（將來(lái)）某一天"，這時(shí)可與some day互相代替，謂語(yǔ)常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
One day I went to see my first teacher ,but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看我的啟蒙老師，可碰巧他出去了。
He will understand the teacher one day/some day.將來(lái)有一天，他會(huì)理解老師的。
anxious, eager
兩個(gè)詞均有"渴望，急于"之意。anxious 著重指焦急、著急或擔(dān)心；而eager著重指對(duì)成功的期望或進(jìn)取的熱情。兩者都多用作表語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)通常是人，不能以無(wú)生命的事物作主語(yǔ)。對(duì)比：
He is eager to join the army.他渴望參軍。
He is anxious to know whether he has been chosen.
他急于知道是否被選上了。
常用搭配：
①be anxious to do sth.渴望急切地做某事；
be anxious for渴望（了解、得到）；
be anxious about擔(dān)心，對(duì)……感到不安
②be eager to do sth.急切地想做某事；
be eager for (about, after)渴望，渴求，
be eager for your help渴望得到你的幫助；
be eager about peace渴望和平
①學(xué)生們都急切地想知道考試結(jié)果。
The students ________ ________ ________ ________ the results ofthe examination.
②那個(gè)小男孩渴望得到一臺(tái)新錄音機(jī)。
The little boy was ________ ________a new recorder.
③我很擔(dān)心我兒子的健康。
I'm ________ ________my son's health.
④他殷切希望女兒的成功。
He is __________ _________ his daughter's success.
Key:①are, anxious(eager),to ,know
②anxious(eager)，for
③anxious, about
④eager, for(about, after)
apologize for doing sth.
apologize是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為"道歉"，其表達(dá)式為"apologize to sb.for sth."。如：
You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.
它的名詞形式是apology, 復(fù)數(shù)形式是apologizes.
make one's apologies to sb. for sth.= make an apology to sb. for sth.如：
He make his apologies to me for coming late.
appear
As a result, it appered to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此，地球上的科學(xué)家看來(lái)，恒星好像是移動(dòng)了。
句型：It appears/seems(to sb.) +that-clause.看來(lái)/似乎是……
①It appears to me that something is wrong.我看好像有點(diǎn)不大對(duì)頭。
②It appears that he will the prize.看來(lái)他會(huì)得笑。
appear;seem;look
appear, seem, look都有"看起來(lái)似……"之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。
從意義上講：
(1)appear強(qiáng)調(diào)外表給人的印象，有時(shí)含實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此的意思，如：
He appears to know more than he really does。他看起來(lái)好像懂得很多。（其實(shí)懂得沒(méi)有那么多）
(2)seem暗示有一定根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實(shí)，如：
His health seems to be better.
他的健康狀況似乎有所好轉(zhuǎn)。
(3)look著重由視覺(jué)得出的印象，如：
He doesn't look his age.
他看起來(lái)比實(shí)際年齡年輕（或老成）。
從用法上講：
seem和appear后可加
(to + be)+表語(yǔ)(adj.或n.或prep.)
+to v.
It + ~ +(that)從句如：
He seems/appears（to be）very sad today.
=It seems that he is very sad today.
It seems like years since I saw you last time.
He seems a kind doctor.（=It seems that he is a kind doctor.）
He seems/appears to have caught a cold.
=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold.
look當(dāng)"看起來(lái)似乎…和as if從句。如：
He looks strong.
She looks like her mother.
It looks as if we are going to miss the train.…"講時(shí)，可接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)
area; district
（1）area表示"地區(qū)、區(qū)域"，是普通用詞，暗示一個(gè)較大的，可能是沒(méi)有清楚界限的地區(qū)，不能用來(lái)指行政上的地理單位。如：
The old man lives in a mountain area.這位老人生活在山東。
This is a less developed area.這是個(gè)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)。
Most of the large land areas are connected.多數(shù)大塊陸地是相連的。
（2）district表示"區(qū)、地區(qū)、區(qū)域"，指為行政管理或選舉之目的所分的區(qū)。在同一城市，各種性質(zhì)不同的區(qū)域也叫district。如：
Where is the District of Columbia?哥倫比亞特區(qū)在什么地方？
The old man used to work in the jin-Cha-Ji Military District.那位老人曾經(jīng)在晉察冀軍區(qū)工作。The northeast part of the city is the residential district.這城市的東北部是住宅區(qū)。
Arm
take…in one's arms
該結(jié)構(gòu)意為"擁抱"。如：
He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms.
As a child….:As/When he was a child…，小的時(shí)候，該句型中的as為連詞，意為"在……的時(shí)候"，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)從句與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)為be時(shí)，可將從句主語(yǔ)及be省略。
①Even as(he
was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上學(xué)的時(shí)候，
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時(shí)候，他就喜歡和大人們打乒乓球。
as a result 作為結(jié)果，結(jié)果（發(fā)生某情況），可置于句首，也可置于句末
She got up very early. As a result, she was able to catch the early bus.
她起得很早，因此她趕上了早班車。
He has won the game. He is in high spirits as a result.
他贏了比賽，所以他精神高昂。
He runs every day .As a result , he has lost weight .他每天跑步，結(jié)果他減肥了。
as a result of 作為……的結(jié)果，as a result of……的結(jié)果是
As a result of exercise , he has built up his health.
The flight was delayed as a result of typhoon.該次班機(jī)因臺(tái)風(fēng)而延誤
result in = lead to 導(dǎo)致，造成……結(jié)果，如：
Hard work results in success.努力終歸成功。
(= Success results from hard work.成功來(lái)自努力)
Hard work results in success. 勤奮才會(huì)成功。
result from 由……產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，如：
Success results from hard work. 成功來(lái)自勤奮。
His illness resulted from overwork. 他的病起因于操勞過(guò)渡。
as…as
as many as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)；as much as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)（注意：many指可數(shù)的量，much 指不可數(shù)詞的量）；as high as 和……一樣高/高達(dá)；as thick as 和……一樣厚/厚達(dá)；as long as 一樣長(zhǎng)/長(zhǎng)達(dá);as deep as 一樣深/深達(dá)；as early as 一樣早/早在……時(shí)候，如：
We have as many books as they.我們的書和他們的一樣多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.大火燒毀的大樓多達(dá)20座。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①新橋與舊橋一樣長(zhǎng)。/這種魚可長(zhǎng)到長(zhǎng)達(dá)
②這座山和遠(yuǎn)處的另一座一樣高。/這座山高達(dá)
Key:
①The new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind
of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.
②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres.
as…as possible:as…as one can盡可能地…….
①I'll come back as soon as possible.我盡可能地……
②Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning. 明天早晨盡量早起。
as...as...用法小結(jié)
（1）...as+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...;not as/so+形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...
Their factory is as large as ours.他們的工廠和我們的一樣大。
I study as hard as you.我和你一樣用功學(xué)習(xí)。
He doesn't get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那樣早起床。
（2）……倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞（副詞）原級(jí)+as...
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.線段AB是線段CD長(zhǎng)的3倍。
（3）as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as; as + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + as
She is as good many records as possible.我們需要盡量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相當(dāng)于八塊方糖。
I have't got as much money as I thought.我沒(méi)有原來(lái)想象的那么多錢。
（5）as much/ many as多達(dá)……，……那么多
On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an hour.在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，進(jìn)行接力賽跑時(shí)，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小時(shí)多達(dá)650卡。
As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多達(dá)700種不同的語(yǔ)言。
He didn't catch as many as he'd hoped.他沒(méi)有捉住預(yù)想的那么多。
（6）as...as possible; as... as one can
The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老師在黑板上應(yīng)盡可能仔細(xì)地把字寫好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.請(qǐng)對(duì)你的朋友盡可能友好。
（7）as...as + 年代數(shù)字/名詞
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。
He walked as far as the post office.他步行到郵局。
（8）as/so far as I know
As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他將要離家3個(gè)月。
（9）as soon as-……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，請(qǐng)通知我們一聲。
（10）as well as 和；也；還有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。
He studies French as well as English.他不但學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，而且學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)。
（11）as/so long as 只要；如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本詞典。
as a matter of fact=in fact事實(shí)上、實(shí)際上……
It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,it'll take us a long time to work it out.
這道題貌似簡(jiǎn)單，實(shí)際上要解出的話很費(fèi)時(shí)間。
區(qū)別下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)至（原級(jí)比較或表示距離）；就……來(lái)講
2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長(zhǎng)（原級(jí)比較）；只要（引導(dǎo)條件
狀語(yǔ)從句）
3）as well as和……一樣好；既……也……（連接并列成分）
4）as good as和……一樣好；事實(shí)上（作狀語(yǔ)）
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他們實(shí)際上已經(jīng)答應(yīng)幫助我們了。
They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.
②油漆后的這輛自行車和新的一樣。
Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.
③小李英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得和漢語(yǔ)一樣好。
Xiao Li speaks English ______ ______ _____ she speaks
Chinese.
④他和他的父母對(duì)我都很好。
He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.
⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。
After supper we walked _______ ______ ______the foot of the
hill.
⑥就我所知，他將離開(kāi)兩個(gè)月。
______ ______ ______I know, he'll be away for two months.
⑦只要努力，你一定會(huì)成功。
________ _________ ________you work hard, you'll succeed in
time.
⑧這座新建的橋據(jù)說(shuō)和舊的一樣長(zhǎng)。
This newly - built bridge is said to be _________ ________
_________the old one.
Key:①②as good as;③④as well as ⑤as far as ⑥As, far,as ⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as
as if可用as though替換，在此引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，另外它們也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，從句既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
①It looks as if /though it's going to rain.（陳述語(yǔ)氣）
②You look as if you'd seen a ghost.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）
as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情況一樣
As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music.
跟母親一樣，他喜歡音樂(lè)。
As with human, animals also love their babies. 同人一樣，動(dòng)物也愛(ài)它們的幼仔。
as good as
as good as 作為固定詞組意為"幾乎一樣"，"實(shí)際上等于"，作為同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，意為"和……一樣好"。如：
①He is as good at English as me.
②My bike is as good as yours.
…as it is
該固定詞組表達(dá)意思是"就以（現(xiàn)在）這個(gè)樣子，""根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的情況"。如：He decided to buy the house as it is.
as long as/so long as只要
(1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean.
只要你不把書弄臟，你就可以借。
You will succeed so long as you work hard.
只要你努力就會(huì)成功。
As long as you study hard, you'll make great progress.
只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)取得很大進(jìn)步。
(2)和……一樣長(zhǎng)
This rope is as long as that one.這條繩子和那條一樣長(zhǎng)。
This bridge isn't so/as long as that one.這座橋和那座不一樣長(zhǎng)。
(3)長(zhǎng)達(dá)……（表時(shí)間）
The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.
這對(duì)老夫婦已在這個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)里住了長(zhǎng)達(dá)50年。
as well/ as well as
as well 表示"也"，是副詞短語(yǔ)，用作狀語(yǔ)，通常放在句末，也可放在主語(yǔ)之后，相當(dāng)于too,但一般無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi).as well as 通常看作一個(gè)復(fù)合并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)成分相同的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，表示"既……又……，不但……而且……"當(dāng)它連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：
The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學(xué)習(xí)讀書寫字，他們也做游戲。
With television,we can see a picture as well as hear sound.
利用電視,我們既能聽(tīng)到聲音,又能看到圖像.
Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music.
湯姆以及他的父母都喜歡流行音樂(lè)。
as;which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句異同
as, which 都能引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句。
(1)在引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；
①which從句修飾的先行詞是名詞（詞組），which可與that換用，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省去。如：
Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box which doesn't.
But the studios(which)he started are still busy today,producing
more and more interesting films.
②as從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾；as可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，一律不可省略。如：
Many of the sports were the same as they are now.（as作表語(yǔ)）
He uses the same map as I (use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。（as作賓語(yǔ)）
Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮的公園是由兩個(gè)年輕的工程師設(shè)計(jì)的。（as作主語(yǔ)）
The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected. 印好的報(bào)紙并非如主編原來(lái)所期望的那樣。（as作賓語(yǔ)）
(2)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，as,which都可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，都不可省去。
①which從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明先行詞的用途、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。如：
At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about 20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut
the costs of making the newspaper.(用途)
One of Charile Chaplin's most famous films was"The Gold Rush",which was made in 1925.(時(shí)間)
Now, however,the maters of this great lake,which is also the
World's deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by waste
from a chemical factory.(特征)
②which從句還可表示說(shuō)話人的看法，也可對(duì)主句作意義上的補(bǔ)充；which=and it/ this/ that/ they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分；which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如：
He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門外語(yǔ)，這是不可能的。（說(shuō)話人看法，which代表賓語(yǔ)從句部分）
比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他說(shuō)她會(huì)四門外語(yǔ)，這使我們每個(gè)人都很驚訝。（補(bǔ)充主句，which 代表主句）
Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming. 樹(shù)葉正在變黃，這意味著秋天就要來(lái)了。
③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有"正如"的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如：
The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-
eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長(zhǎng)江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。（as代表先行詞）
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們?cè)S多人（所做的那樣）對(duì)事實(shí)視而不見(jiàn)是愚蠢的。（as代表主語(yǔ)部分）
As we know, the earth is round. 我們知道，地球是圓的。
ask for 要求，請(qǐng)求
ask sb.for sth.向（某人）請(qǐng)求 （要求）……
She asked for some advice on how to learn English well.
at表示速度、價(jià)格、利率
at a high/low price以高價(jià)/;低價(jià)；at 40 miles an hour 以每小時(shí)40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①公司決定以較低的價(jià)格將這批電視賣掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets _ __ _ __ __ _ 。
②火車正以每小時(shí)
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour .
Key:①at, a, low, price②at,a, speed,of
"at+名詞"表示"在進(jìn)行，從事"
at work 在工作；at table在吃飯；at play 在做游戲；at sea 出海；at university/college在上學(xué);at night school在上夜校；at dinner/table在吃飯；at peace處于和平狀態(tài)；at war在交戰(zhàn)，在打仗
[應(yīng)用]完成句子。
①別人在工作，不要吵鬧。
Don't make any noise while others are ______ ________.
②孩子們?cè)谟螒颍麄兊母改刚诔燥垺?/p>
The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.
Key:①at, work
②at,play,at,dinner
at last, in the end, finally
三者均有"最后、終于"的含義。
finally常用于動(dòng)詞之前，表示人們長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)期待的某事最后實(shí)現(xiàn)了，也可指一系列事物或論點(diǎn)的順序。例如：
Ａfter putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經(jīng)過(guò)三次延期之后,我們終于在希臘度了一次假。
Ｔhey talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談?wù)摿藥讉�(gè)小時(shí)，最后決定不去。
at last 有時(shí)可與finally互換，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈。例如：
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當(dāng)人們最終找到他時(shí)，他已經(jīng)奄奄一息了。
James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過(guò)了考試。
in the end指經(jīng)過(guò)許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發(fā)生。例如：
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂了五種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來(lái)一次夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)。
at (the) least 至少；最少。反義詞組為at (the)most至多；最多。
-Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at (the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很顯老，實(shí)際上他最多40歲。
-Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at (the)least.噢，真的嗎？我以為他至少50歲了。
at the beginning of 在……初（開(kāi)頭），可指時(shí)間與空間。如：
at the beginning of term 在學(xué)期開(kāi)始
at the beginning of the book 在那本書的開(kāi)頭
at the beginning 單獨(dú)用時(shí)間at first，也可說(shuō)in the beginning.
比較：at the end of 在……末（盡頭） at the end 在末尾處
in the end 最終，同at last in the middle of 在……中期
from beginning to end 從頭至尾
at the doctor's
該結(jié)構(gòu)為介詞+名詞所有格，意為"在診所"。所有格-'s后一般接名詞，如her mother's bike ,但有時(shí)這個(gè)名詞可省略，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面：
①指一個(gè)企業(yè)，機(jī)構(gòu)，教堂，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，家庭，理發(fā)店，店鋪時(shí)。如：
She is at the hairdresser's.
②為了避免重復(fù)，省略-'s后的名詞。如：
I have read some of Shaw's plays,but none of Shakespeare's.
at the last moment在最后關(guān)頭
at the moment 此刻；正在那時(shí) for a moment片刻；一會(huì)兒for the moment 目前，暫時(shí)in a moment立刻，馬上
at the top of在……的頂部，上方
at the top of a mountain在山頂
She is (at)the top of her class in French.
at the top of one's voice高聲地，尖聲地
at war
該介賓詞組意思是"處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)"。在句中常作表語(yǔ)。如：
The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.
at, with, through表原因
三個(gè)介詞都可表示原因，at表示聽(tīng)到或看到的原因；with表示人體外部的原因；through 強(qiáng)調(diào)自身的原因。如：be sad at the news聽(tīng)了這個(gè)消息而悲傷；be frightened at the sight看了那個(gè)情景而害怕；jump up with joy高興地跳了起來(lái)；turn red with anger氣得臉紅；shake with cold/fear凍得/害怕得發(fā)抖；with pleasure高興地；with pride 驕傲地；with satisfaction滿意地；make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出錯(cuò)；be put into prison through no fault of his own 沒(méi)有任何罪過(guò)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，全國(guó)人民處于悲哀之中。
②孩子們高興地跳了起來(lái)。
③由于大意他犯了這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
②The children jumped up with joy.
③He made the mistake through his carelessness.
at work; out of work; after work
這三個(gè)以work為中心詞的介詞短語(yǔ)，在意思和用法上均不相同。
(1)at work表示"在工作、在上班"，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如：
They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。
His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時(shí)出了事故。
(2)out of work表示"失業(yè)"，是介詞短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于lost one's job或be unemployed。例如：
If you don't work hard, you'll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會(huì)失業(yè)。
You'll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會(huì)失業(yè)的。
(3)after work表示"下班后"，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：
What do you usually do after work?下班后你經(jīng)常干什么？
I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過(guò)劉先生。
attempt
(1)n.嘗試；企圖。
①He made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學(xué)滑雪。
②He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。
(2)vt.嘗試；企圖。
①She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。
②The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。
12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入內(nèi)；不牽涉進(jìn)去。
①Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。
②Keep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭(zhēng)吵。
attention 短語(yǔ)
pay attention to sth. 注意某事
draw one's attention(to sth.) 引起某人的注意
be worth one's attention 值得某人注意
bring one's attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事
average短語(yǔ)歸納
average 可用作名詞，表示"平均數(shù)，一般水平"，也可作形容詞，表示"平均的"。如：
the average of the pay 平均工資；above/below the average 平均以上/以下；
the average age of the girls姑娘的平均年齡；
the average temperature平均氣溫；
on(an,the)average平均起來(lái)
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這個(gè)廠的工人平均每月收入700元。
_________ _________，one worker in this factory gets 700 yuan
every month.
②他的功課一般以上。
He is_________ _________ in his lessons.
Key: ①On, average ②above, average
awake,wake
①awake用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，表示"叫醒，喚醒；醒來(lái)"；而wake表示相同意義時(shí)，必須與up連用，對(duì)比：
The noise awoke me./The noise woke me up.
嗓音把我鬧醒。
She usually awakes at six in the morning./She usually wakes up at six in the morning.她通常早上6點(diǎn)醒。
注意：awake 不與up連用；wake up 的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)必須置于兩個(gè)詞之間。誤：wake up him正：wake him up
②awake 還可用作形容詞，只用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)，不能用作前置定語(yǔ)。其反義詞是 asleep.如：
Is he awake or asleep?他睡著了還是醒著？
Anyone awake heard the sound.任何醒著的人都聽(tīng)到了那個(gè)聲音。
注意：wide/fully awake 完全醒著；sound/fast/deeply asleep熟睡
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他醒來(lái)時(shí)，他母親在他的旁邊。
When he_______,his mother was beside him.
②我徹夜未眠，一直在考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
I have lain_______all night thinking of the problem.
③他突然醒了，好象有人叫他的名字。
He ________ ________suddenly,as if someone had called his name.
④她睡著的時(shí)候誰(shuí)也叫不醒他。
No one can_______ _______ ________when she is asleep.
Key:①awoke ②awake ③woke up ④wake,her,up
battle, war, fight, struggle
war指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的總體；battle指war中的戰(zhàn)斗或戰(zhàn)役；fight指具體的人與人之間或動(dòng)物之間的爭(zhēng)斗；struggle指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間、激烈的爭(zhēng)斗，多指肉體、精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。對(duì)比：
We have had two world wars in this century.本世紀(jì)已有兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。
They were wounded in the battle.他們?cè)趹?zhàn)斗中受了傷。
We have started a fight against pollution. 我們已開(kāi)始了一場(chǎng)消除污染的斗爭(zhēng)。
His life was a hard struggle with sickness.他一生跟疾病作了艱苦的斗爭(zhēng)。
[應(yīng)用]英譯漢
①in time of war ②be at war
③declare war on… ④fight a battle
⑤give/offer battle ⑥have a hand-to-hand fight
Key:①戰(zhàn)時(shí) ②交戰(zhàn)，在打仗
③對(duì)……宣戰(zhàn) ④打一仗 挑戰(zhàn)
⑤肉搏戰(zhàn)
伴隨狀語(yǔ)可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過(guò)去分詞
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.
本句有三個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，looking 部分為伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
例題 1）He held up his finger ,_______ a face and nodded his head.
A．making B. made
答案：B.此題有and ，需連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所填詞的形式應(yīng)與前后保持一致。
2) He sat there in silence, _______sad and doing nothing.
A. looking B. looked
答案：A.此題and 之后ing形式，其前面也應(yīng)該用ing形式，而不能與前面的sat并列。
3)He sat there in silence ,______ nothing.
A.doing B.did
答案：A.此題才是在逗號(hào)之后，需要伴隨狀誤。
4)He set out early, ________ there on time .
A.arriving B. and arrived
答案：B.此題兩種選項(xiàng)從形式看都有可能，但根據(jù)意思看，"到達(dá)"并不伴隨"出發(fā)"的動(dòng)作，而是明顯地有先有后。
5)He made a smile, _____ with the result.
A. satisfying B. satisfied
答案：B.伴隨狀語(yǔ)可用現(xiàn)在分詞也可用過(guò)去分詞，此處表示"感到滿意"的一種狀態(tài)，而satisfying表示令人滿意的，此時(shí)的satisfied是過(guò)去分詞，而不是過(guò)去式。
be about to do sth. 正要、即將做某事。是將來(lái)時(shí)的一種表達(dá)方式，表示最近的將來(lái)。
①I was about to go to bed when he called.我正要去睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)他打來(lái)了電話。
②When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.我看到湯姆，他正要上汽車。
注意：be about to 通常不用于帶有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子，但可用be going to 表示。
①Hurry up! They are about to start.快點(diǎn)！他們就要走了。
②Hurry up! They are going to start at 10 o'clock.快點(diǎn)！10點(diǎn)鐘他們就要走了。
be ahead of
該詞組有兩層意思，一是"優(yōu)于"，"超過(guò)"；二是"比……早"，"在……的前面"。如：
He is well ahead of all the other students in English.
be angry with sb.生某人的氣。
be angry at/about sth.因某事而生氣。
①Don't be angry with me for my being late?不要因?yàn)槲疫t到而生我的氣。
②What are you angry about?你生什么氣？
③He was angry at being kept waiting for so long.讓他等了這么久，他很生氣。
be certain…; be sure
be uncertain about意思是"對(duì)……不確定（沒(méi)把握）"
uncertain的詞根是certain,意思是"確信的，有把握的"，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)be certain(sure) to do sth."肯定會(huì)做……"（表示某事將要發(fā)生）。如：
He is certain(sure) to come next Sunday.
(2)be certain(sure) of/ about sth."確信、有把握"（表示某個(gè)人的思想狀態(tài)）。如：
We are certain/ sure of victory.
(3)名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般多用certain.
It is certain that he will come.
be different from與……不同
Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。
對(duì)比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于……
Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她與眾不同。
be familiar with,be familiar to
be familiar with的主語(yǔ)是有生命的事，意為"某人對(duì)人、事熟悉"；be familiar to 的主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的事物，意為"某人/事為某人所熟悉"，對(duì)比:He is very familiar with the names of plants in English.他很熟悉植物的英語(yǔ)名稱。Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar to many foreigners.蘇州和杭州為許多外國(guó)人所熟悉。
I'm not familiar with European history./European history is not familiar to me.我對(duì)歐洲歷史不太熟悉。
注意：be familiar with/to 還表示"精通、通曉"
如：French is as familiar to him as English.他對(duì)法語(yǔ)就象對(duì)英語(yǔ)一樣精通。
[應(yīng)用] 一句多譯
①這些事實(shí)是每個(gè)學(xué)生都熟悉的。
②她精通4種語(yǔ)言。
Key:
①These facts are familiar to every schoolboy./Every shoolboy is familiar with these facts.
②She is familiar with four languages./Four languages are familiar to her.
be filled with = be full of 充滿，裝滿 如：
The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里裝滿了水。
注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此處filled 表示"充滿了的"指處于一種狀態(tài)。
比較：be crowded with 擠滿的，與be filled with 有所不同。如：
The room is crowded with guests.房間里擠滿了客人。
此外，fill作為動(dòng)詞可用其主動(dòng)形式，亦可構(gòu)成另外短語(yǔ)。如：
Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子裝滿沙子。
Fill in the blanks .填空。
be full of…→be filled with…充滿…
①The classroom was full of students.教室里擠滿了學(xué)生。
②Her eyes were full of tears.她眼淚汪汪的。
be likely to 易于……；有可能的.
后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，往往用在一時(shí)的情形。
I shall be likely to catch cold if I go out tonight without my overcoat.
如果今晚不穿大衣出去，我會(huì)感冒的。
Is that magazine likely to interest you?
那本雜志對(duì)你有吸引力嗎？
be of…結(jié)構(gòu)小結(jié)
(1)be of + 表示年齡（age）、大小（size）、顏色（color）、重量（weight）、高度（height）、價(jià)格（price）、意見(jiàn)（opinion）、形狀（shape）、種類（kind）和方法（way）等名詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，of表示"具有"之意，有時(shí)可省去。例如：
They are both of middle height.他倆都是中等個(gè)兒。
When I was of your age, I was a teacher.當(dāng)我是你這個(gè)年齡時(shí)，我當(dāng)老師了。
These flowers are of different colors.這些花朵顏色不同。
Tom is of a different way of thinking.湯姆的思維方式與別人不同。
注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果of后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則a/an=the same.例如：
The two boys are of an/the same age.這兩個(gè)男孩同齡。
These bottles are of a/the same size.這些瓶子大小一樣。
(2)be of + 物質(zhì)名詞，表示主語(yǔ)是由某材料制成或某成分構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于be made of, be built of或be made up of等。例如：
The necklace is(made)of glass.這項(xiàng)鏈?zhǔn)遣Ａе频摹?/p>
The bridge is (built)of stone.這橋是由石頭構(gòu)筑的。
Our class is (made up)of over 50 students. 我班有50多個(gè)學(xué)生。
(3)be of + 抽象名詞（如value, importance,use, help等），of表示"具有、具備"等意思，of不能省，這一結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于be+該抽象名詞相應(yīng)的形容詞。例如：
They are of great help/ very helpful to learners of English.他們對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)是很有幫助的。
In fact, sports and games can be of great value/very valuable.事實(shí)上體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是很有價(jià)值的。
The book is of no use/useless to us.這書對(duì)我們無(wú)用。
It is of great importance/very important to study English.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很重要。
因此，根據(jù)上述(1),(2)點(diǎn)可以看出，課文句中第一個(gè)be of 結(jié)構(gòu)表示"具有"，第二個(gè)be of(承前省去be)表示"由……制成的"。全句漢語(yǔ)意思為："硬幣的大小、重量、形狀可能各不相同，并由不同的金屬制成。"
be on
on 表明所處的狀態(tài)，意為"為……工作，在……服務(wù)"可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替換。
I'm on the school team.我屬于校隊(duì)。
She is on Times newspaper.她在時(shí)代報(bào)社工作。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.
Key: ①are,on ②is, on
be out; put out
be out 指"（燈、火）熄滅"，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 put out 意為"熄滅、撲滅" ，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。如：
Is the fire out ?
Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.
be remembered as…作為……而被人們懷念
He will always be remembered as a national hero.
be seated
意為"坐下"（=sit down）,是正式用語(yǔ)，而sit down是非正式用語(yǔ)。如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen.
be up to
to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。這一短語(yǔ)有以下幾個(gè)常用意思：
（1）從事于、忙于，有時(shí)含有"密謀干壞事"之意。如：
What is he up to now?他現(xiàn)在在干什么？
He is up to no good.他沒(méi)干好事。
（2）由……負(fù)責(zé)，常用It作主語(yǔ)。如：
It's up to you to decide whether to go or not.是去還是不去由你決定。
It's up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應(yīng)盡力幫助他們。
（3）勝任、適于。如：
He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。
（4）直到、以至。如：
up to now 直到現(xiàn)在
Between the hours of midnight and
because;because of
二者均表示"因?yàn)?quot;，區(qū)別是：
because是從屬連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；而because of是一個(gè)合成介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句組成介詞短語(yǔ)。如:
I went back not because of the rain,but because I was tired.我回去不是因?yàn)橄掠�，而是因�(yàn)槲依哿恕?/p>
Her face turned red because of what he said.他的話使她臉紅了。
become experienced at對(duì)……有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，老練的
be experienced in
He's very experienced in money matters.
experience n.經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)（in(of)/doing）
My father has ten year's experience in teaching.
beeline n.兩地之間的直線；捷徑（指蜜蜂采蜜后徑直飛向蜂房，這條路叫beeline）
（1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向……直行
As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub.
會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他就直接上了酒吧。
If you want to catch up with them, you'd better make a beeline for them.
如果你想趕上他們，你最好抄近路去。
（2）in a beeline 成直線地，筆直地
The pupils went to the museum in a beeline.
孩子們直接走向博物館。
believe in（=trust/trust in）信賴；信任；信仰
Tom is honest. I believe in him.
湯姆很誠(chéng)實(shí)，我信賴他。
He doesn't believe in anybody in the world.
在這個(gè)世界上，他不相信任何人。
We believe in socialism.
我們信仰社會(huì)主義。
①We believe in Marxism.
②You can believe in him.
③We believe in our government.
對(duì)比：believe sb.相信某人的話是真的。
I believe what he said this time though he often tells lies.
盡管他經(jīng)常撒謊，可這次我相信他的話是真的。
belong to屬于
無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，也不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。下列單詞和詞組也無(wú)被動(dòng)形式：appear, disappear, happen, take place, break out等。
The house belongs to him.這所房子歸他所有。
The book belongs to my deskmate.
這本書是我同位的。
besides
作為副詞，意思是"還有，而且"（moreover），常放在句首。如：
I don 't want to go out for a walk. Besides, I'm feeling tired.
beyond,prep.
（場(chǎng)所）在（向）……的一邊，越過(guò)……，（程度）超出；（時(shí)間），超過(guò)（Δ常用于否定句）；除……之外，……以外。
①Go about 200 metres beyond the house and you will find the hotel on the left.
②I want to buy a bag beyond these clothes.
blow
①用作動(dòng)詞，表示"吹風(fēng)，刮風(fēng)"。如：
blow hard(strongly)風(fēng)刮得很大；blow away the leaves吹走樹(shù)葉；blow down(over)trees 把樹(shù)刮倒；blow in much dust吹進(jìn)灰塵；blow off one's hat吹掉帽子；blow out the candle吹滅蠟燭；blow open(風(fēng)吹)開(kāi)；blow up爆炸
②用作名詞，表示"打擊，一擊"。如：be a great blow to sb.對(duì)某人是個(gè)巨大的打擊；give sb.a heavy blow on the head重重地打某人的頭。
【應(yīng)用】完成句子
①他妻子之死對(duì)他是一大打擊。
His wife's death was _______ _________ ________ ______him.
②我那頂帽子被風(fēng)吹掉了。
I _______my hat __________ ___________.
③風(fēng)刮得厲害，門吹開(kāi)了。
The wind was ________ __________ and the door ________.
④戰(zhàn)士們把敵人的大橋炸毀了。
The soldiers __________ __________the enemy's bridge.
Key:①a ,great, blow, to ②had, blown, off
③blowing, hard, blew, open ④blew, up
block
①用作名詞，意為"塊；街區(qū)；阻塞。"如：
a block of ice/stone/wood 一大塊冰/石頭/木頭；two blocks兩個(gè)街區(qū)；a block in traffic/a traffic block交通堵塞。
②用作動(dòng)詞，表示"阻塞，阻攔"。如：
be blocked by the heavy snow被大雪堵塞，block the entrance 堵塞入口；Block!(路標(biāo))此路不通！
【應(yīng)用】完成句子
①道路被人群擠得水泄不通。
The road_______ _______with crowds of people.
②那家旅館同這里隔著兩條街。
The hotel is __________ _________ __________.
③他們用石塊將洞口堵住。
They ________ (up)the entrance to the cave with big rocks.
④有人在妨礙我們實(shí)施計(jì)劃。
Someone is _________our plan.
Key:①was, blocked ②two, blocks,away
③blocked ④blocking
倍數(shù)的表示法
1）…times as…as"……是……的幾倍"；
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。
2）…times +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+that:
The new building is four times higher than the old one.新樓比舊樓高4倍。
3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月亮大小的49倍。
The ball is twice the width of our classroom.舞廳是我們教室寬度的2倍。
4）…times+what從句：
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.現(xiàn)在的生產(chǎn)是10年前的3倍。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①After the new technique was introduced,the factory
produced_____tractors in 1988 as the year before.(MET'90)
A．a(chǎn)s twice many B.as many twiceC.twice as many D.twice many as
②The population of China is_____than that of America.
A.larger five times B.five times larger C.five times as D.as five times
Key:①C ②B
begin(…)with…從……開(kāi)始（…）
①Knowledge begins with practice.知識(shí)來(lái)自實(shí)踐。
②Let's begin(this unit) with the words and expressions.咱們從單詞和短語(yǔ)
高考英語(yǔ)完形填空考點(diǎn)歸納
完形填空考點(diǎn)歸納
以下是對(duì)近十多年來(lái)高考完形填空難度變化的一點(diǎn)體會(huì)：
高考考試說(shuō)明對(duì)完形填空題型有以下規(guī)定：考生必須通篇考慮，掌握大意，綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯和語(yǔ)法等知識(shí)，選擇最佳答案。我認(rèn)為難度變化總地來(lái)說(shuō)，有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)單選設(shè)陷題分析
----介詞考點(diǎn)
介詞考點(diǎn)
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. "You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn't you?" "Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper."
A. to, with B. for, with
C. for, for D. at, for
【陷阱】容易誤選 B 或D。
【分析】答案應(yīng)選 A。第一空填to 比較好理解，因?yàn)榇颂幍膌ate為副詞，用以修飾 go to the stadium 中的動(dòng)詞go；而第二句的 with 則是許多同學(xué)不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，現(xiàn)將兩者區(qū)別如下：be late for表示做某事遲到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比較：
We were late for dinner. 我們吃飯遲到了。
We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我們吃飯吃得遲。
句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是"我妻子準(zhǔn)備晚飯稍遲了一點(diǎn)"。
2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
【陷阱】容易誤選 A 或 B。
【分析】答案應(yīng)選 D。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，除except, but 等極個(gè)別介詞外，英語(yǔ)介詞后通常不能直接跟 that 從句作賓語(yǔ)。遇此情況，通常是在 that 從句前加上 the fact，此時(shí) the fact 用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，而其后 that 從句則用作 the fact 的同位語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看類似試題（答案選均D）：
(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed
A. which B. since
C. because D. because of
【陷阱】容易誤選C。因?yàn)榘从⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣，because是連詞，其后接句子；而because of是復(fù)合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞等。
【分析】此題答案選D。because 作為從屬連詞，主要用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，既然是引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，也就是說(shuō)它的后面不能再連用"引導(dǎo)詞"。如：
He was angry because we were late. 他很生氣因?yàn)槲覀冞t到了。
They can't have gone out because the light is on. 他們不可能出去了，因?yàn)闊暨�亮著。
Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.這家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。
假若，一個(gè)從句已經(jīng)有了自己的"引導(dǎo)詞"，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 這個(gè)連詞了。如：
She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因?yàn)槟阏f(shuō)的話。
句中的 what 相當(dāng)于 the thing that，也就是說(shuō) what you said 相當(dāng)于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的賓語(yǔ)，而that you said 為修飾 the thing 的定語(yǔ)從句。
He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因?yàn)閷?duì)老板的態(tài)度(不好)而丟了工作。
句中的 how 相當(dāng)于 the way in which，也就是說(shuō) how he treated his boss相當(dāng)于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的賓語(yǔ)，而in which he treated his boss 為修飾 the way 的定語(yǔ)從句。
4. "How long have you been an actor?" "_______ 1995, when I graduated from college."
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為D。若僅從答句來(lái)看，四個(gè)答案都說(shuō)得過(guò)去。但若結(jié)合問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)境以答案應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)槠溆嗳x項(xiàng)填入空格均不能回答問(wèn)句所提出的問(wèn)題。比較：
"When did you became an actor?" "_______ 2008, when I graduated from college."
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
此題選B，因?yàn)閱?wèn)句問(wèn)的是when(何時(shí))，所以用 in 2008 來(lái)回答便順理成章。
請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧深}：
(1) "How long have you worked on the farm?" "____ the end of last year."
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案選D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即問(wèn)句問(wèn)"工作了多久"，答句說(shuō)"自去年年底至今"。
(2) "How long will you work on the farm?" "____ the end of next year."
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案選B，問(wèn)句問(wèn)"將工作多久"，答句說(shuō)"工作明年明底"。
(3) "When did you leave the farm?" "____ the end of last year."
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案選C，問(wèn)句問(wèn)"何時(shí)離開(kāi)"，答句說(shuō)"去年明底離開(kāi)"。
5. Don't be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.
A. about B. with
C. to D. for
【陷阱】容易誤選B。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的"對(duì)某人生氣"，將其中的"對(duì)"直譯為to。
【分析】最佳答案為 B。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，要表示對(duì)某人生氣，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示對(duì)某事生氣，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中也用 be angry with sth，但不說(shuō) be angry with sb)。比較以下表達(dá)，其中的"對(duì)"也不用to來(lái)翻譯：
你對(duì)這些安排感到滿意嗎?
誤：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?
正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?
老師應(yīng)該對(duì)他的學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。
誤：Teachers should be strict to their students.
正：Teachers should be strict with their students.
6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with B. of
C. on D. by
【陷阱】容易誤選A。根據(jù) keep in touch with (與……保持聯(lián)系)這一常用搭配推出。
【分析】正確答案是D。by 在這里表示方式，by writing 意為"通過(guò)寫信"，全句意為"我們通過(guò)經(jīng)常寫信保持聯(lián)系"。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磶桌?均與介詞搭配有關(guān))：
(1) We've talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?
A. of, with B. with, towards
C. about, about D. for, about
此題不要受 a lot of的影響而誤選A。若第一空選 of，a lot of cars 即為動(dòng)詞 talk 的賓語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上動(dòng)詞 talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能后接賓語(yǔ)。最佳答案應(yīng)是C，句中的a lot是修飾動(dòng)詞 talked 的狀語(yǔ)，talk about才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 全句意為"我們對(duì)電影已談了不少，現(xiàn)在談?wù)勲娨曉趺礃?" What about…意為"……怎么樣"，用于征求意見(jiàn)。
(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
A. as B. with
C. of D. by
有的同學(xué)一看到句中的 regard 和選項(xiàng)中的 as，馬上就聯(lián)想到 regard … as … (把……當(dāng)作……)這一搭配，從而斷定此題應(yīng)選A。但是錯(cuò)了，原因是將此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正確答案是B，句意為"我們大家都很同情這位老人"。
◆精編題訓(xùn)練◆
1. So far, several ships have been reported
missing _______ the coast of Bermuda
A. off B. along
C. on D. around
2. "How long have you stayed in this hotel?" "Not long, just ______ this Monday."
A. on B. since
C. until D. after
3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.
A. in B. between
C. among D. on
4. "What a terrible rain we are having!" "Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood."
A. as well as B. so long as
C. because of D. in case of
5. _____ their inexperience, they've done a good job.
A. Given B. Supposed
C. Considered D. Concluded
6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.
A. until B. in
C. by D. to
7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?
A. Because of B. Except
C. Besides D. But for
8. "How did the robber get in?" "______ an open window on the first floor."
A. Past B. From
C. Over D. Through
9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.
A. Except B. except for
C. except that D. in addition
10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.
A .except B. except when
C. except for D. except that
11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.
A. besides B. except for
C. except D. except that
12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.
A. Except B. Except for
C. But D. Besides
13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. instead of
C. in case of D. in favor of
14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.
A. around B. abroad
C. aboard D. ahead
【答案與解析】
1. 選A。off 用作介詞時(shí)可表示距離，此時(shí)尤其用于指距離某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：
Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我們家離大路大約有20米遠(yuǎn)。
The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 輪船拋錨停泊在離海岸1英里的地方。
2. 選B。此答句為省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為：I've stayed in this hotel since this Monday.
3. 選 B。between floors 指在兩層樓之間。類例地，以下各例也選between：
Don't eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight.
4. 選D。復(fù)合介詞in case of有兩個(gè)意思，一是表示條件，意為"如果"；二是表示目的，意為"以防"。如：
In case of fire, call 119. 萬(wàn)一失火，就打119電話。
Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 帶把雨傘，以防下雨。
5. 選A，given 在此用作介詞，意為"考慮到"。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考慮到價(jià)格很低，我決定把它買下。
6. 選C，by 意為"最遲到……之前，到……的時(shí)候已經(jīng)"。類例地，下面一題也選by：
The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______5:40 p.m. at the latest.
A. until B. after
C. around D. by
7. 選C。besides 意為"除……之外，還"。又如：
He has another car besides this. 除了這輛車外，他還有一輛。
Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教師外，他還是位詩(shī)人。
Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他還有沒(méi)有別的什么舉動(dòng)?
8. 選D。through 意為"穿過(guò)，貫穿，經(jīng)過(guò)，透過(guò)"。又如：
The train ran through the tunnel. 火車穿過(guò)隧道。
I saw you through the window. 我是透過(guò)窗子看到你的。
9. 選 C。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有except that 后可接句子。
10. 選B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"的意思，而后者則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思。
11. 選B。except 與 except for的區(qū)別是：前者主要用來(lái)談?wù)撏惖臇|西；后者主要用來(lái)談?wù)摬煌惖臇|西，在說(shuō)明情況后作細(xì)節(jié)上的修正，有時(shí)含有惋惜之意。
12. 選B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示談?wù)摬煌惖膶?duì)象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。
13. 選A。比較：in spite of=雖然，盡管…仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假設(shè)，萬(wàn)一；in favour of=贊同，有利于。
14. 選C。aboard 用作介詞時(shí)意思"在(船、飛機(jī)、車)上"、"上(船、飛機(jī)、車)"。
---定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一個(gè)由"介詞+which"引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 high mountains，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was。請(qǐng)做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：
(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are
(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
(3) Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"
A. that B. which C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語(yǔ)。
【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語(yǔ)法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為"在附近"；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒(méi)有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？
3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such … that …句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。
【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch … that … (如此……以至……)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語(yǔ)。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語(yǔ)，句意為"所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩"。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問(wèn)，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而不用that。比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語(yǔ) him：
David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}（答案選D）：
It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.
A. like B. that C. which D. as
4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the buses。類似地，以下各題也選D：
(1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
(2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
(3) This I did at nine o'clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it C. them D. which
類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：
(4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that B. him C. them D. whom
(5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students.
A. that B. who C. them D. whom
5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，答案便應(yīng)選A。比較：
(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過(guò)去分詞。
(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were。
(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them C. what D. that
答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。
6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題：
(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B。whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語(yǔ) were seated。
(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選A。因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and，整個(gè)句子為并列句。
(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選A。their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B。whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) sat。
(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose C. which D. that
選B。whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) were sitting。
7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，逗號(hào)后是該狀語(yǔ)從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語(yǔ)。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：
(1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
(2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
(4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
典型高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題詳解-強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1. "How was _________ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?" "Totally by chance."
A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，其相應(yīng)的陳述句形式為：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比較以下各題，它們也屬?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：
(1) Who was it _________ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 who，該句實(shí)為類似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 這類強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式（即對(duì)其中的Tom 提問(wèn)而得）。
(2) What is it _________ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案選C，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what，該句實(shí)為類似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 這類強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式（即對(duì)其中的a bike 提問(wèn)而得）。
2. "Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?" "It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting."
A. where B. which C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) in the hall。
【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是"學(xué)生們通常是在大廳開(kāi)會(huì)"，單獨(dú)看這一句，無(wú)論是其意思還是其語(yǔ)法均未錯(cuò)，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來(lái)看，則不通，因?yàn)樯衔牡囊馑际?quot;你是在哪兒找到昨天作報(bào)告的那位教授的?"假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。
其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 為定語(yǔ)從句，用以修飾其前的名詞 the hall，句意為"是在學(xué)生們經(jīng)常開(kāi)會(huì)的那個(gè)大廳(找到教授的)"，這樣語(yǔ)意就通順了。
3. It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題為一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，空格處應(yīng)填 that (即選D)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意為"讓我生氣的不是他說(shuō)的話，而是他話中的意思"。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧衫?/p>
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案選C，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為"很可能是面試時(shí)表現(xiàn)出緊張，使他失去了這份工作"。
(2) It is the ability to do the job _________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案選B，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為"重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來(lái)自何地或你是從事什么工作的"。
4. It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是分不清為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，或即使分清為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，也分不清強(qiáng)調(diào)哪一個(gè)成分。
【分析】答案選A，第一空填 which，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；第二空填that，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)詞，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為 in the small house (以及修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句 which was built with stones by his father)。此題難就難在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中套用了定語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭愃评樱?/p>
(1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
此題答案選C，全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 the boy (以及修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句who had been in prison)。
(2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that
此題答案選C，全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 in this room，where he was born 為修飾 the room 的定語(yǔ)從句。
5. "Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?" "Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where C. which D. while
【陷阱】此題很容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
【分析】其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選D。做好此題的關(guān)鍵是正確理解上下文的語(yǔ)境。在此句中，it 是代詞，指代 the bike，句意為："當(dāng)你離開(kāi)去同朋友談話的時(shí)候，你的自行車是在這樹(shù)下嗎?""當(dāng)然，但當(dāng)我回來(lái)時(shí)，自行車就不見(jiàn)了。"現(xiàn)在反過(guò)來(lái)分析一下，假若選A，將此句判為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，句子即為 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)換為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句，句子則為 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意顯然很荒唐。
6. It's more than half a century _________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
A. when B. that C. since D. while
【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
【分析】假若選B，將此句分析為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，那么若將此句還原為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句就應(yīng)該是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很顯然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段時(shí)間，然而它修飾的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 joined…became 卻是兩個(gè)終止性動(dòng)詞，這顯然不合適。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選C，屬于"It is＋一段時(shí)間＋since 從句"句型，句意為"我爺爺加入黨組織成為人民的公仆已有半個(gè)多世紀(jì)了"。此句的主句謂語(yǔ)也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(has been)，但在口語(yǔ)中多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。
7. It was lack of money, not of effort, _________ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
【陷阱】容易誤選A，受空格前逗號(hào)的影響，誤認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從而誤選了A。
【分析】其實(shí)，此題最佳答案為C，整個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 這一結(jié)構(gòu)，干擾了許多同學(xué)對(duì) it was lack of money that defeated their plan 這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。
2009高考英語(yǔ)單選題通用技巧
1. 找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
有時(shí)題干中帶有對(duì)解題起著關(guān)鍵作用的詞語(yǔ)，如果能迅速找準(zhǔn)這些詞語(yǔ)，再結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)的意義和特點(diǎn)，就能很快選出正確答案。例如：
The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
解析：在名詞性從句中，that既無(wú)詞義，也不作句子成分，連接一個(gè)句子成分完整的陳述句。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是that的暗示，可判斷題干為一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，句首的it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為其后的that從句，故最佳答案為D。
2. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
有些試題的考點(diǎn)本來(lái)十分簡(jiǎn)單，但命題者卻通過(guò)使用定語(yǔ)從句，或者將我們熟悉的固定詞組有意拆分，重新組合，使我們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)覺(jué)，出現(xiàn)迷惑。這時(shí)，我們只要保持清醒的頭腦，仔細(xì)分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，就會(huì)撥開(kāi)迷霧。例如：
We keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with B. of C. on D. by
解析：許多同學(xué)根據(jù) keep in touch with (與……保持聯(lián)系)這一搭配推斷出此題應(yīng)選A。但是選A錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)樘状舜钆浯司湟馑疾煌ǎ_答案應(yīng)是D，by 表示方式，by writing 意為“通過(guò)寫信”，全句意為“我們通過(guò)經(jīng)常寫信保持聯(lián)系”。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧衫?/p>
(1) We’ve talked a lot _____ cars. What about trains?
A. of B. with C. about D. in
解析：由于受 a lot of 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，許多同學(xué)毫不猶豫地選了A，但是錯(cuò)了。原因是：若選 of，a lot of cars 即為動(dòng)詞 talk 的賓語(yǔ)，但事實(shí)上，動(dòng)詞 talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞。正確答案是C，句中的a lot是修飾動(dòng)詞 talked 的狀語(yǔ)，talk about才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 全句意為“我們對(duì)汽車已談了不少，現(xiàn)在談?wù)劵疖囋趺礃?”
(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
A. as B. with C. of D. by
解析：許多同學(xué)一看到句中的 regard 和選項(xiàng)中的 as，馬上就聯(lián)想到 regard … as …(把……看作……)這一搭配，從而斷定此題應(yīng)選A。錯(cuò)了，原因是將此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正確答案是B，句意為“我們大家都很同情這位老人”。
3. 適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換句式
有時(shí)將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式，就很容易選出正確答案。比如將疑問(wèn)句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句，將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句，無(wú)序句調(diào)整為正常句。例如：
―Mr. Wang, whom would you rather _____ the important meeting?
―Tom.
A. have attend B. have attended
C. having attend D. have to attend
解析： 若將疑問(wèn)句改為陳述句，就是I would rather have Tom attend the important meeting. 其中would rather后必須接動(dòng)詞原形，have sb. do sth.是“要某人做某事”。所以選A。
4. 補(bǔ)全省略成分
口語(yǔ)中常常會(huì)使用一些省略句，做題時(shí)若將被省略的成分補(bǔ)充完整，答案就會(huì)一目了然。例如：
―What do you think made Mary so upset?
― _____ her new bike.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
解析：將答句補(bǔ)全，就是 _____ her new bike made Mary so upset,顯然，只能選C，用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。
5. 刪除干擾部分
就是將起干擾作用的定語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)，如I think / suppose / believe, do you think / suppose / believe, you know, of course等刪除，從而更容易地選出正確答案。例如：
It is the ability to do the job _______matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
解析：去掉題干中的not where you come from or what you are，題干即為是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：The ability to do the job matters. 把主語(yǔ)The ability 放在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，即變?yōu)轭}干，顯然最佳答案為B。
6. 利用對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)
就是在做題過(guò)程中要善于利用and，but等并列連詞。若前面是個(gè)句子，后面也必定是個(gè)句子，反之亦然；若連接的是幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞，這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞也必定是同一時(shí)態(tài)或同一形式。例如：
―English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
―Yes. _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
解析：因?yàn)榈诙䝼�(gè)and后面是一個(gè)句子，所以前面也必定是一個(gè)句子，但前面這個(gè)句子沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，只能選用動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成一個(gè)祈使句，因此，正確答案是A。又如：
On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
解析：因?yàn)閍nd后面是過(guò)去式visited，前面也必定是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，所以正確答案是A。
7. 注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
標(biāo)點(diǎn)有時(shí)對(duì)我們做題有提示作用，不同的標(biāo)點(diǎn)可能導(dǎo)致選不同的答案，同學(xué)們做題時(shí)，一定要小心。例如：
There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_____to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go
解析：此題很容易選B，認(rèn)為是用不定式作表語(yǔ)。其實(shí)，冒號(hào)已經(jīng)表明后面是Dr. Roger講的原話，這原話應(yīng)當(dāng)是個(gè)句子，只有選D才構(gòu)成一個(gè)否定形式的祈使句。
8. 熟記固定搭配
在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累一些常見(jiàn)的固定句式、動(dòng)詞與副詞的搭配、名詞與形容詞的搭配等等，對(duì)做題十分有利。例如：
Mr. Smith used to smoke _______ but he has given it up.
A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly
解析：因?yàn)橹笩煱a或酒癮很重，要用heavy或heavily，所以要選B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、煙霧“濃”、交通“擁擠”、波濤“洶涌”等，也用heavy。
9. 排除思維定勢(shì)
有些試題的題干，看上去好像就是固定搭配，我們高興地完成后，自以為十分有把握，結(jié)果卻做錯(cuò)了。所以當(dāng)我們?cè)绞怯龅绞质煜さ乃^固定搭配時(shí)，越要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上或者句子意思上仔細(xì)分析，以免步入命題人設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。例如：
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
解析：考生頭腦中有consider doing這一思維定勢(shì)，易誤選D，而題干用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，為動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。因不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，用了不定式的完成式，故最佳答案為C。
10. 檢查有無(wú)謂語(yǔ)
有時(shí)看似有兩個(gè)句子，于是就選連詞，正好掉進(jìn)命題人設(shè)計(jì)的陷阱。事實(shí)上，有時(shí)貌似句子的“句子”卻沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)，其中的動(dòng)詞只是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（多為分詞）。例如：
He wrote five novels, two of _____ translated into English.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
解析：此題很容易誤選答案C，以為后面是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。事實(shí)上，translated是過(guò)去分詞，而不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后面不是句子，無(wú)需連詞，所以正確答案是B。若在translated前加上were，were translated就是謂語(yǔ)，這時(shí)就選連詞which了。
11. 查看有無(wú)連詞
若經(jīng)查實(shí)，前后的確是兩個(gè)句子，就要看其中的一個(gè)分句是否已經(jīng)用了連詞。若已經(jīng)有連詞，一般不再用連詞；若還沒(méi)有用連詞，就一定要選連詞。例如：
If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _____ means many more people in the world can enjoy it.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
解析：因?yàn)榍熬湟呀?jīng)有連詞if，所以選答案D，that指前句所述內(nèi)容。若沒(méi)有if，就選B，which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
12. 識(shí)別相似句型
有的句型十分相似，若不仔細(xì)分辨，明察秋毫，很容易出錯(cuò)。例如：
_____ is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析：此題選B，as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是后面整個(gè)句子。若將逗號(hào)改為that，就選A，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；若接著又在that前加上一個(gè)is，則應(yīng)選D，what引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。
13. 正確把握語(yǔ)境
有時(shí)孤立地看留空格的那個(gè)句子，好像多個(gè)答案都可以，但與上下句的意思聯(lián)系起來(lái)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。因此，做題時(shí)一定要正確把握語(yǔ)境。例如：
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _____.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
解析：此題很容易誤選B，因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)否定句。若選B，I don’t agree with anything.就等于I agree with nothing (of what you said)，這就與前一分句的意思發(fā)生矛盾了。正確答案應(yīng)該是A。
14. 分析邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)復(fù)合句和并列句的知識(shí)，句子與句子之間有著不同的邏輯關(guān)系，或是從屬關(guān)系，或是并列關(guān)系。從句子的意義和邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)看，從句可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、目的、比較、方式等，句子之間還可以是限定關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系的主要依據(jù)是句意和上下文之間的邏輯。如：
I don’t mind drop in at your house when in town._____, the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides
解析：根據(jù)句意，第二個(gè)分句表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，用Besides。故最佳答案為 D。
15. 排除錯(cuò)誤答案
在比較幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)時(shí)，可以先排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，盡而逐漸排除其他錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)，找到最佳答案。
Before the operation, the doctor had to talk to the patient in order to remove her fear ______ she might die during the operation.
A. when B. that C. which D. so that
解析：從兩個(gè)分句之間的關(guān)系判斷，沒(méi)有因果關(guān)系，可先排除so that；由于第 2 個(gè)分句 中不缺少句子成分，又排除了定語(yǔ)從句即選項(xiàng)A和C，只有B為最佳答案。fear 之后的that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)fear的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)習(xí)題3-形容詞
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀�？�1000詞
force enforce, reinforce,
report, scope, spirit ,
decline, climate, lend to,
accuse, afford, anxiety,
atmosphere, blame, bargain,
calculate, circle, confidence,
conscious, convince, custom,
desperate, encourage, discourage,
economic, economy, motive,
promote ,emotional, motion,
fail to, install, flat,
intimate, limit, major,
no matter, neutral, outlet,
perform, inform, formal,
normal, radiate, authority,
companion, concept, create,
creature, dentist, fluid identify,
identical, identity, engage,
entitle, evaluate,influence, fortune,
fulfill, general, intense, interpret,
justice, adjust, judge, minor,
observe, deserve, preserve,
parallel, percept, stuff,
surroundings, transport, transmit,
transform, undergo, wander, wonder,
widespread, ambition, approach,
brief, conquer, result,
consult, insult, deliberate,
despair, compare, emergence, emergency,
establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate,
handy, incredible, inherit, conference,
infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture,
mood, necessity, noble, occasion,
occasional, output, oversea, pattern,
plunge, practice, practical,
recognize, release, rescue, maintain,
remain, obtain, entertain, rural,urban,
similar to, trial, trail,
witness, absolute, accumulate,
in advance, advanced,advantage,
agent, appeal, application,
point,appoint, approximate,
barrier, claim, climate,
complicate, comprise, considerable,resume,
consume, assume, contact,
convict, crew, crucial,
define, definite, deliver,
disaster, disorder, diverse,
economic, alert, exert, facility,
faith, faithful, gap, sympathy,
trace, track, visual, vision,
worship, apparatus, brand, civil,
clarity, declare, combine,
connect, consider, insert,
desert, drown, external, frank,
press, impress, pressure,
depress,express, indispensable,
inspect, respect, prospect,
perspective, peculiar, particular,likely,
inquire, require, acquire, request,
result , consult, insult,
spray, announce,pronounce, apparent,
boundary, frontier, crash,
debate, decrease, increase,
reduce, include, conclude,
exclude, federal, firm, forecast,
foresee, grateful,integrate, divide,
individual, fence, defense, offend,
portion, proper, property, reputation,
restrict, loyal, royal,spot, terminal,
alter, alternate, alternative, concrete,
consequent, explode,explore, exploit, hesitate,
imagine, influence, innocent, guilty,
persuade, possess, sample, support,
vital, burden,elect, select, collect,
collective, contribute, distribute, attribute,
abuse, prejudice, avoid, escape,
capture, compete, effort, enthusiasm,
involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply,
issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer,
refer, publish, punish, rate, award,
reward, shelter, skim, in spite of,
temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate,
refuse, confuse, describe, display,
due to, error, essential, fresh,
obvious, visible, invisible,
previous, recall, relate,
soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer,
tense, accompany, analyze, conflict,
convenient, derive, deprive, thrive,
dominate, element, gallery,
interval, lock, lack, match,
ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant,
independent, inspire, motion,
promote, remote, motive, numerous,
relevant, retreat, straight, suicide,
trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract,
attract, candidate, commercial, communicate,
contain, coordinate, respond,
correspond,emphasis, enclose, focus,
instinct, investigate, invest, manner,
mere, nerve, political, policy,
reliable, resemble, assemble, shape,
sophisticate,stain, strain, symbol,
triumph, upright,vigorous, benefit,
profit, characterize, circumstance,
chain store, concentrate, delegate,
diligent, dispute, estimate, factor,
intentional, occupy, inject, reject,
object, project, subｊａｖａryscenery,
survive, revive, temper accelerate,
behave, concern, continue, deny, distance,
insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor,
mysterious, neglect, purpose, raw, 刷新,
remove, restore, resort, scarcely,
specific, target, alarm, approve,
certify, certificate, frost, fund,
genuine, intend, material, memory,
primitive, propose, ruin, shadow,
contrary, sufficient, accent,
actually, adequate, anxious,
attach, awkward, budget, capture,
channel, circulate, community,
company, consent, cooperate, cultivate,
depart, devote, dismiss, distant,
enhance, eventually, fierce, manage,
overnight, passion, passive, postpone,
progress, pursue, react, render, sense,
treat, treaty, capacity,civilian,
compel, contradiction, crack, curiosity,
departure, devise, device, secure,
accurate, depend, distinguish, plain,
complain, explain, financial, hurt,injure ,
harm, destroy, ruin, 包含uct, construct,
structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook,
overcome, resist, insist, state,
supreme, superior, emit volume, absorb,
account, achieve, universal, convert,
reverse, apply, applicable, applicant,
application, broad, board, cancel, casual,
cancer, classify, comfort, submit, permit, ,
complex, conduct, constant, core, demand,
command, comment, commend, mental, recommend,
mention, design, signal, significant, protect,
detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint,
duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success,
succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate,
predict, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose,
expose, suppose, oppose, compose, impose,
deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove,
improve, record, relieve, sincere, troop,
upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate,
affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign,
cause, commission, component,content, intention,
crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard,
discipline, anticipate, participate, principal,
principle,familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent,
provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally,
virtually, deal with, cope with, doubt, 執(zhí)行,
density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate,
countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate,
gradually,precious, precise, appreciate,
reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source,
strength, length, supply, drop, endure,
evident, enormous, intensive, preference,
produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift,
talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,
accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist,
resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional,
descend, donate, merit elementary, eliminate,
frequent, incline, instant, , military, prevent,
represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge,
continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate,
measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic,
pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow,
uniform, artificial, creature, determine,
distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue
all over again 再一次,重新 all the time 一直,始終
all the same 仍然,照樣的 as regards 關(guān)于,至于
anything but 根本不 as a matter of fact 實(shí)際上
apart from 除...外(有/無(wú)) as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由于 as far as ...be concerned 就...而言
as far as 遠(yuǎn)至,到...程度 as for 至于,關(guān)于
as follows 如下 as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和...幾乎一樣 as usual 像平常一樣,照例
as to 至于,關(guān)于 all right 令人滿意的;可以
as well 同樣,也,還 as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(還有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次 at all 絲毫(不),一點(diǎn)也不
at all costs 不惜一切代價(jià) at all events 不管怎樣,無(wú)論如何
at all times 隨時(shí),總是 at any rate 無(wú)論如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多 at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起來(lái) at hand 在手邊,在附近
at heart 內(nèi)心里,本質(zhì)上 at home 在家,在國(guó)內(nèi)
at intervals 不時(shí),每隔... at large 大多數(shù),未被捕獲的
at least 至少 at last 終于
at length 最終,終于 at most 至多,不超過(guò)
at no time 從不,決不 by accident 偶然
at one time 曾經(jīng),一度;同時(shí) at present 目前,現(xiàn)在
at sb's disposal 任...處理 at the cost of 以...為代價(jià)
at the mercy of 任憑...擺布 at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有時(shí),間或 back and forth 來(lái)回地,反復(fù)地
back of 在...后面 before long 不久以后
beside point 離題的,不相干的 beyond question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)
by air 通過(guò)航空途徑 by all means 盡一切辦法,務(wù)必
by and by 不久,遲早 by chance 偶然,碰巧
by far 最,...得多 by hand 用手,用體力
by iteslf 自動(dòng)地,獨(dú)自地 by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地,無(wú)意地 by no means 決不,并沒(méi)有
by oneself 單獨(dú)地,獨(dú)自地 by reson of 由于
by the way 順便說(shuō)說(shuō) by virtue of 借助,由于
by way of 經(jīng)由,通過(guò)...方法 due to 由于,因?yàn)?
each other 互相 even if/though 即使,雖然
ever so 非常,極其 every now and then 時(shí)而,偶爾
every other 每隔一個(gè)的 except for 除了...外
face to face 面對(duì)面地 far from 遠(yuǎn)非,遠(yuǎn)離
for ever 永遠(yuǎn) for good 永久地
for the better 好轉(zhuǎn) for the moment 暫時(shí),目前
for the present 暫時(shí),目前 for the sake of 為了,為了...的利益
for the time being 暫時(shí),眼下 from time to time 有時(shí),不時(shí)
hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切關(guān)聯(lián) head on 迎面地,正面的
heart and soul 全心全意地 how about ...怎么樣
in a hurry 匆忙,急于 in case of 假如,防備
in a moment 立刻,一會(huì)兒 in a sense 從某種意義上說(shuō)
in a way 在某種程度上 in a word 簡(jiǎn)言之,總之
in accordance with 與...一致,按照 in addition 另外,加之
in addition to 除...之外(還) in advance 預(yù)先,事先
in all 總共,合計(jì) in any case 無(wú)論如何
in any event 無(wú)論如何 in brief 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)
in charge of 負(fù)責(zé),總管 in common 共用的,共有的
in consequence(of) 因此;由于 in debt 欠債,欠情
in detail 詳細(xì)地 in difficulty 處境困難
in effect 實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上 in general 一般來(lái)說(shuō),大體上
in favour of 支持,贊成 in front of 面對(duì),在...前
in half 成兩半 in hand 在進(jìn)行中,待辦理
in honour of 為慶祝,為紀(jì)念 in itself 本質(zhì)上,就其本身而言
in line with 與...一致 in memory of 紀(jì)念
in no case 決不 in no time 立即,馬上
in no way 決不 in order 按順序,按次序
in other words 換句話說(shuō) in part 部分地
in particular 特別,尤其 in person 親自,本人
in place 在合適的位置 in place of 代替,取代,交換
in practice 在實(shí)踐中,實(shí)際上 in proportion to 與...成比例
in public 公開(kāi)地,當(dāng)眾 in quantity 大量
in question 正在談?wù)摰摹n regard to 關(guān)于,至于
in relation to 關(guān)于,涉及 in return 作為報(bào)答/回報(bào)/交換
in return for 作為對(duì)...報(bào)答 in short 簡(jiǎn)言之,總之
in sight 被見(jiàn)到;在望 in spite of 盡管
in step 齊步,合拍 in step with 與...一致/協(xié)調(diào)
in tears 流著淚,在哭著 in the course of 在...期間/過(guò)程中
in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處 in the end 最后,終于
in the event of 如果...發(fā)生,萬(wàn)一 in the face of 即使;在...面前
in the first place 首先 in the future 在未來(lái)
in the least 絲毫,一點(diǎn) in (the)light of 鑒于,由于
in the way 擋道 in the world 究竟,到底
in time 及時(shí) in touch 聯(lián)系,接觸
in turn 依次,輪流;轉(zhuǎn)而 in vain 徒勞,白費(fèi)力
instead of 代替,而不是 just now 眼下;剛才
little by little 逐漸地 lots of 許多
many a 許多 more or less 或多或少,有點(diǎn)
next door 隔壁的,在隔壁 no doubt 無(wú)疑地
no less than 不少于...;不亞于... no longer 不再
no more 不再 no more than 至多,同...一樣不
none other than 不是別的,正是 on one's guard 警惕,提防
nothing but 只有,只不過(guò) now and then 時(shí)而,偶爾
off and on 斷斷續(xù)續(xù),間歇地 off duty 下班
on a large/small scale 大/小規(guī)模地 on account of 由于
on(an/the) average 平均,通�！n behalf of 代表
on board 在船(車/飛機(jī))上 on business 因公
on condition that 如果 on duty 上班,值班
on earth 究竟,到底 on fire 起火著火
on foot 步行, on guard 站崗,值班
on hand 在場(chǎng),在手邊 on occasion(s) 有時(shí),間或
on one's own 獨(dú)立,獨(dú)自 on purpose 故意地
on sale 出售,廉價(jià)出售 on schedule 按時(shí)間表,準(zhǔn)時(shí)
on second thoughts 經(jīng)重新考慮 on the contrary 正相反
on the grounds of 根據(jù),以...為由 on (the) one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面 on the point of 即將...的時(shí)刻
on the road 在旅途中 on the side 作為兼職/副 業(yè)
on the spot 在場(chǎng);馬上 on the whole 總的來(lái)說(shuō),大體上
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) once again 再一次
once(and)for all 一勞永逸地 once in a while 偶爾
once more 再一次 once upon a time 從前
one another 相互 or else 否則,要不然
or so 大約,左右 other than 非;除了
out of 從...中;由于;缺乏 out of burath 喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)
out of control 失去控制 out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的
out of doors 在戶外 out of order 出故障的
out of place 不適當(dāng)?shù)摹ut of practice 久不練習(xí),荒疏
out of sight 看不見(jiàn),在視野外 out of the question 毫無(wú)可能的
out of touch 不聯(lián)系,不接觸 over and over(again) 一再地,再三地
prior at 在...之前 quite a few 相當(dāng)多,不少
rather than 不是...(而是) regardless of 不顧,不惜
right away 立即,馬上 side by side 肩并肩,一起
so far 迄今為止 sooner or later 遲早,早晚
step by step 逐步地 such as 例如,諸如
thanks to 由于,多虧 that is (to say) 就是說(shuō),即
to the point 切中要害,切題 under control 處于控制之下
under the circumstances 這種情況下 up to date 在進(jìn)行中
up to 多達(dá);直到;勝任;取決于 what if 切合目前情況的
what about 怎么樣 with respect to 如果...將怎么樣
with regard to 關(guān)于,至于 without question 關(guān)于,至于,
with the exception of 除...之外 without question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)
word for word 逐字的
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