Question

4．The common cold is the world's most widespread illness，which is plagues（病疫） that flesh receives．The most widespread fallacy（謬誤） of all is that colds caused by cold．They are not．They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person．You catch a cold by coming into contact，directly or indirectly，with someone who already has one．If cold causes colds，it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever．But they do not．And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes．During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（戰(zhàn)壕），cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds．In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp（奧斯維辛集中營），naked and starving，were astonished to find that they seldom had colds．At the Common Cold Research Unit in England，volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time．After taking hot baths，they put on bathing suits，allowed themselves to be with cold water，and then stood about dripping wet in drafty（通風(fēng)良好的）room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion．Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose．If，then，cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds，why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research，no one has yet found the answer．One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times，and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on．No one has yet found a cure for the cold．There are drugs and pain suppressors（止痛片） such as aspirin，but all they do is relieve the symptoms．
64．Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage？C
A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time．
B．Colds are not caused by cold．
C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors．
D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one．
65．Arctic explorers may catch colds whenD．
A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
66．Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research UnitA   
A．suffered a lot                      
B．never caught colds
C．often caught colds                   
D．became very strong
67．The passage mainly discussesC．
A．the experiments on the common cold
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇說明文．主要分析了感冒不是由于寒冷和潮濕引起的而是由于病毒的傳染所引起的．文章列舉了多個事例來證明這一點(diǎn)如：北極的科考隊(duì)員、奧斯維辛集中營里的人及被置于潮濕和寒冷的環(huán)境下參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的志愿者們．冬天易得感冒的可能原因是冬天大多數(shù)時間人們都呆在家里，增加了病毒傳染的機(jī)會．

解答 64．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)由第 2 段的"the Eskimos to suffer from them forever．But they do not"可知A項(xiàng)正確，故排除；由"unless a cold virus was actually dropped  his nos…ecold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds"可知C項(xiàng)正確，故排除；由"You catch a cold by coming into contact，directly or indirectly，with someone who already has one"可知D項(xiàng)正確，故排除；再由"They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person"及"During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches（戰(zhàn)壕），cold and wet，showed no increased tendency to catch colds．In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp（奧斯維辛集中營），naked and starving，were astonished to find that they seldom had colds"可知C項(xiàng)錯誤，人們得感冒不是因?yàn)橄矚g呆在家里，而是因?yàn)榻?jīng)常呆在一起病毒更容易感染；故選C．
65．D  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)"And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes"可知，北極探險者多次接觸到外界的感染人群和航空郵件的包裹等才會換上感冒，故選D．
66．A  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù) After taking hot baths，they put on bathing suits，allowed themselves to be with cold water，and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion 可知，志愿者要遭受極大的痛苦，故選 A．
67．C   主旨大意題．閱讀全文可知，本文首先用大量事例從不同的側(cè)面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因．由此可知 C 為正確答案．

點(diǎn)評 解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，一個常用的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法，即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答案；推理判斷題既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)．