高考化學復習指導四招定高分
高三化學復習是一項系統(tǒng)的學習工程，要提高復習效率，就需要注重學習方法的探索，不僅要想方設法跟上老師的復習思路，還要根據(jù)自己的實際情況進行調(diào)整。如何來搞好這一年的化學復習呢？結(jié)合教學實際，我認為，必須注意以下四個招數(shù)：
招數(shù)一：善待課本，鞏固雙基，挖掘隱形關系
課本和教材是專家、學者們創(chuàng)造性的研究成果，經(jīng)過長期、反復的實踐和修訂，現(xiàn)已相當成熟，書本里蘊含著眾多科學思想的精華。
據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計，中學化學所涉及的概念及理論大大小小共有220多個，它們構(gòu)建了中學化學的基礎，也就是說，基本概念及基本理論的復習在整個化學復習中起著奠基、支撐的重要作用，基本概念及基本理論不過關，后面的復習就會感到障礙重重。因此，必須切實注意這一環(huán)節(jié)的復習，講究方法，注重實效，努力把每一個概念及理論真正弄清楚。
例如對催化劑的認識，教材這樣定義：“能改變其他物質(zhì)的化學反應速率，而本身的質(zhì)量和化學性質(zhì)都不改變的物質(zhì)”。幾乎所有學生都能背誦，粗看往往不能理解其深層含義；假如我們對其細細品味一番，枯燥的概念就會變得生動有趣――我們可以思索一下“催化劑是否參與了化學反應？“對化學反應速率而言，‘改變’一詞指加快或是減慢？”“‘化學性質(zhì)都不改變’，那物理性質(zhì)會變嗎”等問題。經(jīng)過一番折騰，對催化劑的認識就會達到相當高的層次。
再者，課本中的眾多知識點，需要仔細比較、認真琢磨的非常多。例如原子質(zhì)量、同位素相對原子質(zhì)量、同位素質(zhì)量數(shù)、元素相對原子質(zhì)量、元素近似相對原子質(zhì)量；同位素與同分異構(gòu)體、同系物、同素異形體、同一物質(zhì)等等。對課本中許多相似、相關、相對、相依的概念、性質(zhì)、實驗等內(nèi)容，應采用比較復習的方法。通過多角度、多層次的比較，明確其共性，認清其差異，達到真正掌握實質(zhì)之目的。
透析近幾年的高考化學實驗題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有試題均來自課本上的學生演示實驗及課后學生實驗。因此，在老師指導下，將十幾個典型實驗弄清原理，反復拆開重組，相信你定會大有所獲。
招數(shù)二：經(jīng)常聯(lián)想，善于總結(jié)，把握知識網(wǎng)絡
經(jīng)過，高一高二階段化學的學習，有些同學覺得個別知識點已學會。其實，高考考場得分，學會僅是一方面，還應總結(jié)歸納、經(jīng)常聯(lián)想，找出同類題解法的規(guī)律，才能更有把握不失分。也就是說，化學學習，重在掌握規(guī)律。有人說，化學難學，要記的東西太多了，這話不全對。實際上，關鍵在于怎樣記。例如對無機化學來說，我們學習元素及其化合物這部分內(nèi)容時，可以以“元素→單質(zhì)→氧化物(氫化物)→存在”為線索；學習具體的單質(zhì)、化合物時既可以“結(jié)構(gòu)→性質(zhì)→用途→制法”為思路，又可從該單質(zhì)到各類化合物之間的橫向聯(lián)系進行復習，同時結(jié)合元素周期律，將元素化合物知識形成一個完整的知識網(wǎng)絡。
有機化學的規(guī)律性更強，“乙烯輻射一大片，醇醛酸酯一條線”，熟悉了官能團的性質(zhì)就把握了各類有機物間的衍變關系及相互轉(zhuǎn)化；理解了同分異構(gòu)體，就會感覺到有機物的種類繁多實在是微不足道……這樣，通過多種途徑、循環(huán)往復的聯(lián)想，不僅可以加深對所學知識的記憶，而且有助于思維發(fā)散能力的培養(yǎng)。實踐證明，光有許多零碎的知識而沒有形成整體的知識結(jié)構(gòu)，就猶如沒有組裝成整機的一堆零部件而難以發(fā)揮其各自功能。所以在高三復習階段的重要任務就是要在老師的指導下，把各部分相應的知識按其內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系進行歸納整理，將散、亂的知識串成線，結(jié)成網(wǎng)，納入自己的知識結(jié)構(gòu)之中，從而形成一個系統(tǒng)完整的知識體系。
招數(shù)三：講究方法，歸納技巧，勇于號脈高考
縱觀近幾年化學高考試題，一個明顯的特征是考題不偏、不怪、不超綱，命題風格基本保持穩(wěn)定，沒有出現(xiàn)大起大落的變化。很明顯，命題者在向我們傳輸一個信號：要重視研究歷年高考題！高考試題有關基本概念的考查內(nèi)容大致分為八個方面：物質(zhì)的組成和變化；相對原子質(zhì)量和相對分子質(zhì)量；離子共存問題；氧化還原反應；離子方程式；物質(zhì)的量；阿佛加德羅常數(shù)；化學反應中的能量變化等等。
基本技能的考查為元素化合物知識的的橫向聯(lián)系及與生產(chǎn)、生活實際相結(jié)合。因此，對高考試題“陳”題新做，將做過的試題進行創(chuàng)造性的重組，推陳出新，不失是一個好辦法。高考命題與新課程改革是相互促進、相輔相成的，復習時可將近幾年的高考試題科學歸類，聯(lián)系教材，通過梳理相關知識點，講究方法，歸納技巧，勇于號脈高考；因此在選做習題時，要聽
招數(shù)四：把握重點，消除盲點，切實做好糾錯
分析近幾年的高考化學試題，重點其實就是可拉開距離的重要知識點，即疑點和盲點；要走出“越基礎的東西越易出差錯”的怪圈，除了思想上要予高度重視外，還要對作業(yè)、考試中出現(xiàn)的差錯，及時反思，及時糾正；對“事故易發(fā)地帶”有意識地加以強化訓練是一條有效的途徑。每一次練習或考試后，要對差錯做出詳盡的分析，找出錯誤根源，到底是概念不清原理不明造成的，還是非知識性的失誤。對出現(xiàn)的差錯要作記載，每隔一段時間都要進行一次成果總結(jié)，看看哪些毛病已“痊愈”，那些“頑癥”尚未根除，哪些是新犯的“毛病”，從而不斷消除化學復習中的疑點、盲點；然后因人而異的采取強化的糾錯方式加以解決。這里就扼要介紹幾種常見糾錯做法，以供參考。
1、摘抄法：將糾錯內(nèi)容分類摘抄，在其題下或旁邊加以注釋；
2、剪貼法：將糾錯題目從試卷上剪裁下來，按照時間、科目、類別分別貼在不同的糾錯本上，并在題目下部或旁邊加上注釋；
3、在資料及試卷上糾錯：有序整理資料及試卷，或按時間段、或按類別、或按科目地分門別類，加以注釋；
4、將糾錯還原到課本：將糾錯點還原到課本上，在課本知識點相應處，用不同字符標記糾錯點，同時在其下部或旁邊或附一紙片，標出該點糾錯題目位置、出處，錯誤原由及簡易分析等內(nèi)容。
浙江省紹興市2009年高三教學質(zhì)量調(diào)測
理科綜合能力試題
本卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（綜合題）兩部分，共300分，考試時間150分鐘。
第Ⅰ卷（選擇題 共140分）
注意事項：
①答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目涂寫在答題卡上。
②每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑．如需改動，用橡
皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號。不能直接答在試題卷上。
③本卷共35小題，每小題4分，共140分．在每小題給出的四個選項中，只有―項是符合題目要求的。
本卷可能用到的相對原子質(zhì)量：Fe―56 C1―35.5 O―16 Ag―108
A1―27 S―32 Na―23 C―12 H―1
常用的無機干燥劑
為了保持藥品的干燥或?qū)χ频玫臍怏w進行干燥，必須使用干燥劑。常用的干燥劑有三類：一類為酸性干燥劑，有濃硫酸、五氧化二磷、硅膠等；第二類為堿性干燥劑，有固體燒堿、石灰和堿石灰（氫氧化鈉和氧化鈣的混合物）等；第三類是中性干燥劑，如無水氯化鈣、無水硫酸鎂等。常用干燥劑的性能和用途如下：
1、濃H2SO4：具有強烈的吸水性，常用來除去不與H2SO4反應的氣體中的水分。例如常作為H2、O2、CO、SO2、N2、HCl、CH4、CO2、Cl2等氣體的干燥劑。
2、無水氯化鈣：因其價廉、干燥能力強而被廣泛應用。干燥速度快，能再生，脫水溫度473K。一般用以填充干燥器和干燥塔，干燥藥品和多種氣體。不能用來干燥氨、酒精、胺、酰、酮、醛、酯等。
3、無水硫酸鎂：有很強的干燥能力，吸水后生成MgSO4.7H2O。吸水作用迅速，效率高，價廉，為一良好干燥劑。常用來干燥有機試劑。
4、固體氫氧化鈉和堿石灰：吸水快、效率高、價格便宜，是極佳的干燥劑，但不能用以干燥酸性物質(zhì)。黨用來干燥氫氣、氧氣、氨和甲烷等氣體。
5、變色硅膠：常用來保持儀器、天平的干燥。吸水后變紅。失效的硅膠可以經(jīng)烘干再生后繼續(xù)使用�？筛稍锇贰H3、 O2、 N2等
6、活性氧化鋁（Al2O3）：吸水量大、干燥速度快，能再生（400 -500K烘烤）。
7、無水硫酸鈉：干燥溫度必須控制在30℃以內(nèi)，干燥性比無水硫酸鎂差。
8、硫酸鈣：可以干燥H2 。O2 。CO2 。CO 、N2 。Cl2、HCl 、H2S、 NH3、 CH4等
由上述可知、對一些氣體的干燥劑可作如下選擇。
氣體名稱 常用干燥劑 氣體名稱 常用干燥劑
CO 濃H2SO4、CaCl2、P2O5 H2S CaCl2
CO2 CaCl2、濃H2SO4、P2O5 N2 濃H2SO4、CaCl2、P2O5
Cl2 CaCl2、濃H2SO4 NH3 CaO、KOH或堿石灰
H2 CaCl2、P NO Ca(NO3)2
HBr
CaBr2、ZnBr2 、 O3 CaCl2
HCl CaCl2、濃H2SO4 SO2
濃H2SO4、CaCl2、P2O5
HI CaI2
常見水解反應
本資料來源于《七彩教育網(wǎng)》http://www.7caiedu.cn
天津市漢沽一中2009屆高三第六次月考英語試題
英語試題
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分，共150分，時間120分鐘。
第Ⅰ卷（選擇題，三部分，共105分）
第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1．What are the two speakers doing?
A．Enjoying meeting each other.
B．Saying good-bye to each other.
C．Planning to see each other again.
2．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The man can’t drive well.
B．The car has broken down.
C．They are on the wrong way.
3．What was the man reading?
A．English newspaper.
B．English short stories.
C．English textbooks.
4．What did the woman say about the weather?
A．It wasn’t very cold and it snowed a little in December.
B．There wasn’t much snow, but the weather was bad.
C．The temperature dropped below freezing after Christmas.
5．What does the man mean?
A．Alan won’t come. B．Sally is often late.
C．Sally will come at 8.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分， 滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
請聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。
6．Why did the man not want to go dancing?
A．He thought it was dull.
B．He didn’t like dancing.
C．He was very tired.
7．What did the man suggest?
A．Walking on the bridge.
B．Inviting some friends to watch the bridge.
C．Inviting some friends to play.
請聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。
8．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．At the airport. B．In a petrol station.
C．At home.
9．What would the man rather do?
A．Get their luggage.
B．Leave for the airport early.
C．See the end of the football match.
10．What does the woman prefer to do?
A．To leave for the airport right now.
B．To watch people at the airport.
C．To have coffee at the airport.
請聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。
11．What’s the man’s unpleasant situation?
A．He couldn’t get the scholarship.
B．His girlfriend wants to break up with him.
C．He wonders whether to go to
12．Why didn’t the woman accept the job in
A．She didn’t like the job.
B．Her husband didn’t like the idea.
C．She didn’t like
13．What did the woman advice the man to do?
A．He should go to the university.
B．he should give up going somewhere.
C．He should go somewhere else..
請聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。
14．Who is going to participate in the walk-fund?
A．Hospital employees only.
B．Many City Hall officials.
C．Many Packer Hall residents.
15．How is money raised in the walk-fund?
A．By collections made at City Hall.
B．By contributions based on the number of miles walked.
C．By donations from the participants.
16．What is known about the course of the walk-fund?
A．It collects the money for the new children’s hospital.
B．It’s five miles long.
C．It circles the campus.
17．What will happen to the money raise at the walk-fund?
A．It will be used for a new hospital.
B．It will be divided among the participants.
C．Joe will share it with those who made pledges.
聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。
18．How strong were the winds?
A．They destroyed crops and cut transportation links.
B．The winds were up to 75 miles an hour.
C．The winds made the waves over 12 feet high.
19．What’s the news item mainly about?
A．The Indian Army.
B．A hurricane.
C．A storm in
20．What effects were brought about apart from casualties (嚴重傷亡)?
A．Fire broke out as a result and damaged a lot of residents’ houses.
B．Homes were flooded, crops were destroyed, transport links were cut and houses
collapsed.
C．Over 1,000 people have become homeless, taking shelter in relief camps.
第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié)：單項填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
21．― How dangerous it was！
―Yes，but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ____ .
A．was drowned B．would have been drowned
C．had drowned D．should be drowned
22．I know nothing about it, what is it that you want me _____ ?
A．speaking B．to speak C．confessing D．to confess
23．Turn on the television or open a magazine and ____ advertisements showing happy,
balanced family.
A．a(chǎn)re often seeing B．often seeing
C．will often see D．have often seen
24．―We want someone to design the new art museum for us?
―____ the young fellow have a try?
A．Must B．Shall C．Dare D．Need
25．―How can I wake up so early?
―Set the alarm at 5:00 a.m., ____ you will make it.
A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so
26．I wonder what’s ____ next.
A．doing B．to do C．to be done D．done
27．― We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.
― _____, sir.
A．I’m sure B．My pleasure C．It’s all right D．I’ll check
28．I got caught in the traffic, or I ____ here sooner.
A．could be B．could have been C．might be D．had been
29．____ it carefully can we hope to find a way to solve the challenging problem.
A．When we observe B．When to observe
C．That we should only observe D．Only by observing
30．―Do you like this jacket, sir?
―Well, it’s a bit too large. Do you have this coat in ____ size?
A．the smaller B．a(chǎn) smaller C．a(chǎn) smallest D．a(chǎn) small
31．― The film we saw last week is very romantic.
― ____. I didn’t think it romantic at all.
A．With all due respect B．I beg to differ
C．As predicted D．I can’t agree with you more
32．Julian packed all the things into a suitcase, ____.
A．being anxiously to leave B．to be anxious to leave
C．a(chǎn)nxious to leave D．be anxious to leave
33．I wonder why you won’t do it as ____ and it’s the third time you ____ so.
A．told you; do B．be told; did
C．told to; have done D．you told; are doing
34．Though there are some differences in American education and Chinese education, both
systems are ____ excellent graduates.
A．turning away B．turning out C．turning off D．turning in
35．―Will you please stop that ? I’m doing my homework.
―I don’t see ____ it bothers you.
A．how B．what C．if D．where
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36～55各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
We are always hearing about road accidents, and when we are in the car we try to drive carefully. But, how many of us take the same degree of care in our homes? A large 36 will tell you the number of accidents that happened in the home is almost the same as those on the 37 . I don’t pretend to be 38 , but I’ve thought a lot about how and why these accidents happen and what we can do to 39 them.
One of the most common and most dangerous 40 at home accidents is wrong and careless use 41 electrical equipment. People will continue to use a loose plug or 42 out a plug without first turning off the 43 . In spite of warmng, one 44 carry an electric heater in to the bathroom when he is going to have a 45 . Sometimes on forgets to turn off the power 46 mending a lamp or something 47 . All this can cause accidents. So the 48 about anything that works by electricity is: Switch off before you 49 anything and don’t pretend you know when you actually 50.
If you’ve got 51 in th house, it’s always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their 52 . otherwise, they may be taken for candies or new kinds of drinds. When there are older eople living with you, you have to take particular 53 in a number of ways in order to make them 54 and happy.
55 , of course, is always a risk. So, remember to turn it off after cooking. Also, don’t forget to keep the children away from the cooker.
Safety first may mean a little more time and care, but it may save you a lot of trouble.
36．A．family B．factory C．hospital D．school
37．A．road B．way C．path D．street
38．A．a(chǎn)n expert B．a(chǎn) doctor C．a(chǎn)n engineer D．a(chǎn) scientist
39．A．pretend B．prevent C．protest D．complete
40．A．reason B．causes C．difficulties D．problem
41．A．a(chǎn)t B．of C．for D．on
42．A．push B．drag C．pull D．draw
43．A．light B．power C．plug D．electricity
44．A．may B．can C．must D．will
45．A．cold B．warm C．wash D．bath
46．A．a(chǎn)fter B．when C．before D．a(chǎn)s
47．A．others B．a(chǎn)nother C．else D．a(chǎn)lso
48．A．order B．suggestion C．rule D．requirement
49．A．touch B．feel C．catch D．hold
50．A．don’t B．do C．did D．didn’t
51．A．patients B．children C．friends D．the older
52．A．look B．sight C．knowing D．reach
53．A．a(chǎn)ttention B．mind C．notice D．care
54．A．full B．warm C．safe D．comfortable
55．A．Gas B．Pollution C．Fire D．Stove
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
A
The sea has always interested man. From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure. For thousands of years, he could sail on it. But he could not go far beneath its surface.
Man wants to explore deep into the sea. However, he is not a fish. He must breathe air, so he can’t stay under the water’s surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems.
A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases. He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above. He can carry a tank of air on his back and breathe through a nose and a mouthpiece. Water weighs 800 times as much as air. Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea. His body is under great pressure.
When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes. As he rises to surface, the water pressure becomes less. If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles. The diver is then suffering from the bends. The bends can cause a diver to double yp in pain. They can even kill him.
56．On the whole, this passage is about ____.
A．special mixtures of gases in deep sea
B．the problems man faces in deep-sea diving
C．a(chǎn)ir pressure under the surface of sea water
D．a(chǎn) kind of illness that man suffers in the sea
57．A diver’s body in deep water ____ .
A．is under great pressure
B．is just like that of a fish
C．suffers from the bends
D．weighs very little
58．The passage does not say so, but it makes you think that ____ .
A．deep- divers should be in good health
B．divers explore the deep sea only for treasure
C．diving under the water too quickly causes a kind of illness.
D．there is a special mixture of gases under the sea
59．Why does a diver get the bends?
A．He tries to do exercises under the water.
B．His diving suit weighs too much.
C．He comes to the surface too quickly.
D．The air in his blood is used up.
60．From the passage we can see that ____ .
A．the sea began to interest man in the last few years
B．man is not at home deep in the sea
C．a(chǎn)ll divers ill get the bends sooner or later
D．the air in the seawater will kill a diver if he is not careful
B
The
61．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．The rising of oil price drove up the price of everything.
B．There were many reasons why higher education was in trouble in the 1970’s.
C．Birthrate began to decline in the
D．High unemployment caused a lot of social problems.
62．The phrase “l(fā)aid off” can best be replaced by which of the following?
A．poor B．got rid of
C．removed D．unemployed
63．American cars weren’t popular in their domestic markets because of ____ .
A．small B．gas-consuming
C．fuel-efficient D．not attractive
64．The colleges and universities were in trouble because of the following reasons except that ____.
A．they couldn’t get enough income to keep them running
B．young people couldn’t afford the tuition fees
C．keeping them running at the same level would cost much more
D．social services need more state funds because of the recession
65．All of the following statements are true EXCEPT____ .
A．young people couldn’t afford their own tuition in the 1970’s
B．it’s difficult for graduates from colleges to find a job in the 1970’s
C．fewer parents could afford to send their children to college because of the recession in 1970’s
D．Birthrate dropped in the 1970’s because of the recession
C
What kind of car will we be
driving in 2010? Rather different from the type we know today, with the next 20
years bringing greater change than the past 50．the
people who will be designing the models of tomorrow believe that environmental
problems may well accelerate the pace of the car’s development. Today they are
students on the transport design course at
Their vision is of a machine with three wheels instead of four, electrically powered, environmentally clean, and able to drive itself along “intelligent” roads equipped with built-in power supplies. Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or store it in small quantities for travelling in the city.
Instead of today’s seating arrangements―two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward― the 2010 car will have a versatile interior with adults and children in a family circle.
This view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system, with strips built into motorways to supply power to vehicles passing along them, cars will not need drivers, because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding. All the driver will have to do is say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another. The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.
66．What kind of car will we be driving in 2010?
A．Three wheeled.
B．Electrically powered.
C．With a versatile seating arrangement
D．All of the above.
67．How long will a volunteer be required to spend?
A．A few hours every day.
B．A couple of hours each day.
C．One or two hours every two weeks.
D．A few days per week.
68．What does the word “versatile” in Paragraph 3 mean ?
A．having many different kinds of skill
B．easily able to change from one direction to another
C．easily able to change from one kind of activity to another
D．having many different uses
69．In paragraph 4 “with strips built into motorways to supply power to vehicles passing along them” means “there are many ____ ”.
A．traffic lights to control the speed of future cars
B．street posts to indicate directions for drivers
C．power sources along the street are able to supply power to automobiles
D．stop marks along the street to stop cars
70．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Future cars are completely different from the automobiles we know today.
B．The design of future cars will be more sophisticated.
C．Because of the new type of cars, our future environment will become cleaner.
D．The road system will become more sophisticated than it is today.
D
Many families in the
Why isn’t a dollar worth as much as it used to be? One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much can buy. The value of money depends on the cost for living. Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life such as food, housing or rent, clothes, and medical expenses. For many years now, the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it.
No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so they demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there’s a shortage of goods, the prices also go up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies with hold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up.
Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget. A budget is a list of monthly expenses. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you’re spending too much on entertainment. Or if you’re spending too much on clothes; you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.
71．What has troubled many families in the
A．A not-large-enough income.
B．Nothing is left over to put away.
C．The increasing cost of living.
D．A shortage of certain foods
72．_ ___ determines the value of the dollar.
A．The government B．The cost of living
C．The economist D．The bank
73．While the cost of living increases, the value of the dollar____ .
A．increases to B．decreases
C．neither increases nor decreases D．seldom decreases
74．When ____ , the prices go up.
A．demand exceeds supply B．supply exceeds demand
C．demand doesn’t exceed supply D．supply equals demand
75．Budgeting helps ____ .
A．one to make his income meet the cost of living
B．the government to battle the rising cost of living
C．merchants to produce more goods
D．the workers to earn more money
第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題，共45分）
第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié)：閱讀表達（15分）
If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.
Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that _________ . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us”.
So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours in about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.
Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”
76．What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
__________________________________________________________________________
77．Which sentences in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.
___________________________________________________________________________
78．Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. ( Please answer within 10 words.)
________________________________________________________________________
79．Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. ( Please answer within 30 words.)
________________________________________________________________________80．Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
第二節(jié)：書面表達（滿分30分）
最近，不少城市發(fā)出了“減少白色污染”的倡議，得到廣大市民的支持。請以“ People should not be encouraged to use plastic bags ”為話題在博客上發(fā)表簡單評論。
注意：詞數(shù)120左右。參考詞匯：可分解的degradable 窒息choke
山東省煙臺市2009年高考適應性練習(一)
理科綜合能力測試
以下數(shù)據(jù)可供答案參考：
相對原子質(zhì)量：H 1 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 S 23 Zn 65
第Ⅰ卷(必做，共88分)
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