閱讀理解 人物故事類押題
【押題1】Would you believe that the first outstanding
deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman? His name was Laurent Clerc. He became
a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded
Laurent Clerc was born in a small
village near
At 12, Laurent entered the Royal
Institution for the Deaf in
Meanwhile, in
The two men set sail on June 18,
1816. The voyage across the
At the school, Clerc led a busy life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.
In 1819, Clerc married Eliza
Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from
teaching in 1858. Although he had intended to return to
1. Why
did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet sail to
A. He needed to finish his studies to become a minister.
B. It was the easiest way to get
to
C. He wanted to study their system of deaf education.
D. He wanted to marry Alice Cogswell.
2. From the information in this passage we can infer that__________.
A. Laurent Clerc was an intelligent man
B. Clerc had difficulties learning language
C. Clerc married Eliza in order to get his Green Card
D. Clerc was paid well because he made such important contributions to society
3. On
their trip from
A. played cards and socialized
B. studied and discussed their plans for a deaf school
C. founded a school for the deaf
D. Gallaudet studied English and Clerc studied Sign Language
4. Which is the right order of the things Clerc did？
A. met Gallaudet, moved to
B. met Gallaudet, went to school
in
C. went to school in
D. got married, went to school in
5. The main idea of this passage could best be stated as_________.
A. Clerc managed his time well, and was able to teach a lot of information in a short period of time
B. Thomas Gallaudet was indebted to Clerc for all that he taught him
C. Clerc preferred teaching deaf students to hearing students
D. Clerc, an educated Frenchman, had a great impact on American Deaf Education
【押題理由】高考閱讀理解題中人物傳記類文章很常見。在選材時，不僅注重名家的生平，也關注與名人生活、事業(yè)息息相關的人或事，當然，也不乏一些介紹普通人學習、生活和工作等的故事。本文在命題方面突出高考命題的靈活性：既注重特定細節(jié)的準確理解，又注重推理判斷題的考查，同時涉及了事情先后順序的排列，體現(xiàn)了命題的多樣性。
【試題解析】1. C 第四段“he was concerned about the lack of opportunities for deaf people in America和he went to London to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people.”與C項表達雖然不同，但意思基本一致。
【考場秘招】細節(jié)題都可以從原文中找到答案，只不過為了迷惑考生，常常將原文進行改寫，換一種說法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而與原文意思相同的，才是正確的。
2. A 推理判斷題。可以用排除法解答此題，B項不可能，Clerc懂法語、手語、還在旅途中學習英語；C項文中既沒有說明為什么與Eliza結婚，更談不上當時是否有“綠卡”。D項沒有足夠的信息推斷掙錢多少。根據文中“an excellent teacher, learned many different language，succeeded in school”等信息可以推斷he was an intelligent man。
3. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據第6段中“they studied English and Sign Language, and discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open.”可以確定答案是B。
4. C 邏輯順序題。根據第3段Clerc went to school in Paris.、第五段became Gallaudets Sign Language teacher、第六段in 1816, after the two men studied together in Paris 和最后一段in 1819, Clerc got married.可確定其先后順序C項正確。
【考場秘招】做這類題，先找出最早的一個時間和事件，把它作為事件發(fā)生的具體點，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案。
5. D 主旨大意題。全文圍繞Clerc和他對美國聾兒教育的影響，所以D項正確，而A項面太窄，B項偏離主題，本文針對的不是Thomas Gallaudet，C項文中根本沒提到偏愛做一名教師。
【押題2】Years ago a John Hopkin's professor gave a group of graduate students this task: Go to the slums(貧民窟). Take 200 boys, between the ages of 12 and 16, and research into their background and environment. Then predict their chances for the future.
The students, after consulting social statistics, talking to the boys, and compiling(匯編) much data, concluded that 90 percent of the boys would spend some time in prison.
Twenty-five years later another group of graduate students was given the job of testing the prediction. They went back to the same area. Some of the boys―by then men―were still there, a few had died, some had moved away, but they got in touch with 180 of the original 200. They found that only four of the group had ever been sent to prison.
Why was it that these men, who had lived in a breeding(滋生) place of crime, had such a surprisingly good record? The researchers were continually told: "Well, there was a teacher..."
They pressed further, and found that in 75 percent of the cases it was the same woman. The researchers went to this teacher, now living in a home for retired teachers. How had she exerted(發(fā)揮) this remarkable influence over that group of children? Could she give them any reason why these boys should have remembered her?
"No," she said, "no I really couldn't." And then, thinking back over the years, she said amusingly, more to herself than to her questioners: "I loved those boys."
1. What were a group of graduate students instructed to do?
A. To research into the living conditions of the poor citizens.
B. To foretell what the future might have in store for poor kids
C. To study 200 boys between 12 to 16 and predict their future.
D. To survey the background and environment of 200 teenagers.
2. Seeing only four boys with bad records, the researchers probably felt ______.
A. relieved B. surprised C. disappointed D. frustrated
3. Most of the 200 surveyed boys grew into good citizens because _________.
A. their parents were strict with them
B. they had great ambition as children
C. they were expected to do good deeds
D. a woman teacher loved and cared them
4. What conclusion can we draw from the story?
A. Love can work miracles.
B. Like teacher, like pupil.
C. Adversity leads to prosperity.
D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
【押題理由】人物故事類題材是一直高考的重點內容，本文講述對200名生活在貧民窟的男孩的生活進行追蹤調查的故事，趣味性強，難度適中，非常切合高考閱讀取材。
1. C 細節(jié)理解。根據第一段內容可知，教授給研究生布置的任務是調查在貧民窟生活的200個男孩的家庭背景，并預測他們的未來。
2. B 推理判斷。根據第四段中的“a surprisingly good record”一句可知，調查的結果使研究者感到意外。
【考場秘招】解答推理判斷類試題時，要從文中找到設題的句子或段落，在四個選項中找到與原句意思相符的陳述。
3. D 推理判斷。根據文章的最后兩段，200名生活在貧民窟的男孩健康成長的原因是一位女教師對他們的關愛。
4. A 主旨大意。本文給我們的啟示是：愛可以創(chuàng)造奇跡。一位女教師的愛感化了她的學生，影響那些在貧民窟的男孩有積極的人生態(tài)度。
【押題3】Once I spoke at a high school. After the speech, I was asked to see a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me, and it would mean a great deal to him. I agreed.
He was Matthew. When he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to see five, then they were told he would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal weight lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles(障礙) and going for my dreams.
I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he complain. He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he was talking about. He just talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weight with me.
When we finished talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles（障礙） than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”
Last summer I got the news that Matthew had passed away and a letter Matthew had written me a few days before:
Dear Rick,
My mom said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. The doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live any more. But I still smile as much as I can.
I told you some day I was going to the Olympics and win a gold medal. But I know now I’ll never make it. But I know I’m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to you.
Thank you for loving me.
Your friend,
Matthew
1. The boy wished to meet the author because ________.
A. he admired the author very much
B. he wished to take part in the Olympics
C. he hoped to make friends with the author
C. he enjoyed going in for weighting lifting
2. Which of the statements is TRUE?
A. Matthew was good at weight lifting.
B. Rick had the similar disease as a child.
C. Matthew remained optimistic in face of disease.
D. Rick encouraged the boy to become a champion.
3. Why did the boy refuse the author’s medal?
A. He thought he was not worthy of it.
B. Rick looked on the medal as treasure.
C. The gold medal was very dear to Rick.
D. He didn’t want to be pitied by others.
4. What can be inferred from Matthew’s letter?
A. Rick was unhappy before death.
B. Rick kept in touch with Mathew.
C. Mathew sent some pictures to Rick.
D. Mathew got an Olympic gold medal.
【押題理由】記敘文是閱讀理解部分必考的內容，特別是具有深厚思想內涵的文章，以達到通過閱讀對考生進行人文熏陶的目的。本文即是勵志的記敘文，體現(xiàn)出了這一命題原則的導向性。
1. A 細節(jié)理解。第二段中的最后一句表明答案為A。
2009屆高三化學各地月考試題匯編：化學用語和組成
1. ( 河南省鄲城一高09高三化學尖子生第三考試)工業(yè)上用丁烷氧化法制醋酸，反應的化學方程式可表示為：
4CH3COOH＋2H2O
現(xiàn)用58噸丁烷為原料制取醋酸，求：
（1）理論上需要標準狀況下的空氣____________m3（設空氣中O2、N2的體積分數分別為0.2、0.8），同時生成水_____________噸。
（2）若生成的醋酸溶解在生成的水中，所得醋酸的質量分數為______________%。
（3）若同時生產質量分數為100%的冰醋酸m1噸和質量分數為50%的醋酸m2噸，且
，需補充水y噸，則y與x的關系式為________________；若不補充水，則m1＋m2＝__________
2.8×105
18
86.96
138
答案.. ⑴ 加壓有利于平衡正向移動，提高原料氣的轉化率 增加反應速率，縮短達到平衡的時間
⑵ 
⑶ CH4(g)＋H2O(g)＝CO(g)＋3H2(g) △H＝＋206.1 kJ?mol－1
⑷ N2＋6e－＋8H＋＝2NH4＋
2．( 河南省鄲城一高09高三化學尖子生第三考試)下列選項中正確的是（C ）
A．氫氧化納的結構式：Na-O-H B．Fe原子的結構示意圖：
C．甲酸甲酯的結構簡式：CH3OCHO D．N2的電子式：
3．( 廣東天河中學09高三模擬)下列化學用語的書寫，正確的是
A．NH3中氮元素的化合價是+3 B．氧化鈉的化學式：Na2O2
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C．鋁原子的結構示意圖： D．甲烷的結構式為：
4．(北京市朝陽區(qū)2008～2009學年度高三年級第一學期期中統(tǒng)練)下列有關說法中，錯誤的是 （ C ）
A．NH4H是一種離子晶體，其中氫離子的核外電子排布與氦原子相同
B．在SiO2晶體中，一個Si原子周圍有4個Si-O鍵
C．三種烷烴的沸點高低：丙烷＞丁烷＞異丁烷
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D．甲基的電子式為：
5．(北京市朝陽區(qū)2008～2009學年度高三年級第一學期期中統(tǒng)練)下列反應的離子方程式正確的是 （ B ）
A．向沸水中滴加飽和FeCl3溶液制備Fe(OH)3膠體：Fe3+＋3H2O 
Fe(OH)3↓＋3H+
B．用小蘇打治療胃酸過多：HCO3－＋ H+ === CO2↑＋H2O
C．實驗室用濃鹽酸與MnO2制Cl2：MnO2＋2H+＋2Cl－ Cl2↑＋Mn2++H2O
D．用FeCl3溶液腐蝕印刷電路板：Fe3+＋Cu === Fe2+＋Cu2+
6．(09黃岡八測化學試卷一)下列敘述中正確的是
A．鋼鐵在海水中比在河水中更易腐蝕，主要原因是海水中的含氧量高于河水
B．焰色反應是物理變化
C．用切割機切割金屬時，個別金屬的原子核恰好被分成更小的微粒
D．某些不合格大理石裝潢材料中含有嚴重超過規(guī)定標準、對人體有害的放射性同位素氡
，其質子數為136
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
7.( 河北唐山市2008～2009學年度高三年級摸底考試)下列各項中表達不正確的是
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A.F－的結構示意圖： B.NaCl的電子式：Na Cl
C.CO2分子的結構式：O＝C＝O D.碳－12原子：12
8、(遼寧省撫順一中2009屆高三第一次模擬 )能夠快速、微量、精確的測定相對分子質量
的物理方法是
A．紫外光譜 B．紅外光譜 C質譜． D．核磁共振譜
9、(遼寧省撫順一中2009屆高三第一次模擬 )下列化學式既能表示物質的組成，又能表示物質的一個分子的是
A．NaOH B．SiO
10．( 贛州市十縣（市）重點中學09學年度上學期期中聯(lián)考試題)下列化學用語表達正確的是（
A ）
A．乙酸的分子比例模型圖為： B．Mg原子結構示意圖：
C．次氯酸的結構式為：H―Cl―O D．丙烯的結構簡式：CH3CH2CH2
11．(鄭州二中09學年高三10月份月考 )下列分子的電子式書寫正確的是
A．氮氣
B．四氯化碳
C．二氧化碳 
D．氨氣
12．(鄭州二中09學年高三10月份月考 )據環(huán)保部門測定，我國一些大城市的酸雨pH＝3.5。在酸雨季節(jié)鐵制品極易腐蝕，則在其腐蝕中正極發(fā)生的反應是
A．2H+ + 2e― = H2↑ B．2H2O + O2 + 4e― = 4OH―
C．Fe－2e― = Fe2+ D．4OH―－4e― = 2H2O + O2↑
13、(09屆北京101中學高三化學10月考)下列說法正確的是
A．明礬凈水過程中不涉及化學變化
B．由同種元素組成的物質一定是純凈物
C．風化、石油分餾和碘的升華都是物理變化
D．在化學反應中，反應前后原子種類、數目和質量一定不變
14．(09海淀區(qū)高三期中)下列說法正確的是
A．電解質溶液導電屬于物理變化
B．由一種元素組成的物質一定是純凈物
C．金屬氧化物不一定是堿性氧化物
D．水的凈化、消毒都屬于氧化還原反應
15 (四川省通江中學高三10月考)下列表達式正確的是：（B）
ㄅ
A. 羥基的電子式：[：O：H]-
ㄅ
B.NaCO3的水解方程式為：CO32-+H2O
HCO3-+OH-
C.甲酸甲酯的結構簡式：HCOOC2H5
D.用Cu做陽極電解飽和食鹽水的陽極反應式為：2Cl--2e-=Cl2↑
16. (09福建安溪八中高三化學第一次月考)下列化學用語的書寫正確的是（ C ）
A、二氧化硅晶體的分子式：SiO2 B、乙烯的結構簡式：CH2CH2
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C、F- 離子結構示意圖： D、四氯化碳的電子式：
17．(江蘇省啟東中學2009屆高三10月調研測試 )下列各項中表達正確的是
A．NaCl的電子式：
B．CO2的分子模型示意圖：
C．CrO5的結構式為
，該氧化物中Cr為＋6價
D．次氯酸的結構式：H－Cl－O
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
語的使用正確的是（ C ）
A．用食醋除去水壺內的水垢：CaCO3+2H+ = Ca2++CO2↑+H2O
B．純堿溶液呈堿性的原因是：CO32―+2H2O H2CO3+2OH―
C. 鋼鐵發(fā)生吸氧腐蝕的正極反應式：O 2+ 4e- +2H2O ＝4OH―
D．表示氫氣燃燒熱的熱化學方程式為：2H2（g）+O2（g）= 2H2O（1）；
△H = －571.6 KJ?mol-1
19．(杭州儒林?育英高復學校9月考)右圖為農夫山泉礦泉水瓶上的部分說明文字，列出了該飲用天然水理化指標。這里的鈣、鎂、鉀、鈉是指（D）
飲用天然水理化指標
礦物元素 測定結果
鈣≥4.0 mg/L
鎂≥0.5 mg/L
鉀≥0.35 mg/L
鈉≥0.8 mg/L
偏硅酸≥1.8 mg/L
pH (25℃) 7.1
18．(浙江省紹興一中2009屆高三一模)化學用語是學習化學的工具和基礎。下列有關化學用
A. 原子 B. 分子 C. 單質 D.元素
20．(杭州儒林?育英高復學校9月考)工業(yè)上以CuO和H2SO4為原料制備CuSO4?5H2O晶體。為確保制備過程中既不補充水，也無多余的水分，所用硫酸溶液溶質的質量分數應為（B）。
A．45.8% B．57.6% C．72.3% D．無法確定
21.中學化學教材中有大量數據，下列為某同學對數據的利用情況，其中不正確的是
A．用一定量NaOH稀溶液和稀鹽酸反應側得的中和熱數據，來推算一定量稀H2SO4和NaOH稀溶液反應的反應熱
B．用沸點數據推側能否用蒸餾的方法將兩種液體混合物進行分離
C．用反應熱數據的大小判斷不同反應的反應速率大小
D．用原子（或離子）半徑數據推斷同周期或同主族某些原子（或離子）氧化性或還原性的強弱
22．(09山東濰坊高三檢測)把A、B、C、D四種物質放在密閉容器中，在一定條件下充分反應，反應前及反應一段時間后各物質的質量見下表：
A
B
C
D
反應前質量/g
19.7
8.7
23.6
0.4
反應后質量/g
待測
17.4
2
3.6
下列說法不正確的是 （ A ）
A．此反應一定不是可逆反應
B．物質C一定是化合物
C．此反應不一定是氧化還原反應
D．若A、C的摩爾質量之比為97：108，則A、C變化的物質的量之比為1：2
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A．英法聯(lián)軍
A．長征 B．中共中央轉戰(zhàn)陜北 C．劉鄧大軍挺進大別山 D．渡江戰(zhàn)役
(2)若恒溫、恒壓下向原平衡中加入C，則平衡______________移動(填“正向”、“逆向”或“不”)，重新達平衡后C的體積分數_____________(填“增大”、“減小”或“不變”)。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
(O2)=0.006
mol/(L?min)
4．(2008年重慶一中高2009級月考
)（14分）
下發(fā)生如下反應：2X(g)+Y(g) 2W(g)。并
(Y)= ；
?s
2 SO3(g)；△H<0。當兩容器都達到平衡后，為使兩容器中的SO2在平衡混合物中的物質的量分數相同，下列措施中可行的是
C（g）+4D(g)；
。圖中a、b曲線表示在一定
條件下，D的體積分數隨時間的變化情況。下列分析正確的是（ B ）
正（B）=4
，B的物質的量等于2mol；
，增大容器體積時，c（CH3OH）和c（CO）等比例減小，由于H2濃度不變，此時
的值仍然等于K，所以平衡不移動。（2分） 
10．(江寧高級中學08~09學年度第一學期高三年級12月月考三 校 聯(lián) 考 )某化學科研小組研究在其他條件不變時，改變某一條件對A2(g)＋3B2(g)
2HBr(g)；△H＜0，達到平衡時Br2(g)的轉化率為a；若初始條件相同，絕熱(與外界不發(fā)生熱交換)條件下進行上述反應，平衡時Br2(g)的轉化率為b。則a與b的關系是(A )
13. ( 天門中學2008年高二12月考試) (8分) 在四個密閉容器中，分別充入表中四種配比氣體，發(fā)生下列反應：
14．(自貢市高2009級高三理科綜合能力測試“一�！�)已知可逆反應aA＋bB cC中，物質的含量A％和C％隨溫度的變化曲線如圖所示，下列說法正確的是( B )
15．(重慶八中高2009屆級高三周末檢測 )（15分）已知硫酸的第一步電離（
）是完全的，但第二步電離（
）并不完全。如果
時，
溶液中
，
溶液中
，請回答：
＝__________(可用對數表示)。
比
溶液中
與固體食鹽混合共熱至
氣體_____（填“能”或“不能”），原因是_________________________
溶液的
，
溶液的
。其原因是_________________
(4)6Fe2O3 4Fe3O4+O2↑（3分）
2NO2（g） N2O4（g）；△H<0�，F(xiàn)將一定量NO2和N2O4的混合氣體通入