4．作狀語(yǔ)

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.

Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語(yǔ)。

3．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

I heard him singing a song in the classroom.

We found the ground covered with snow.

2．作表語(yǔ)

We are excited at the news.

The news he told us is exciting.

分詞是動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的一種，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞�，F(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動(dòng)，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過(guò)去分詞表示：被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。

(一)分詞的作用

分詞在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：

1．作定語(yǔ)

Do you know the boy standing at the gate?

Have you read the book 　written by　 Lu Xun？

5．　 完成被動(dòng)式to have been done

例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

4．　 被動(dòng)式to be done

例如：The work is to be done soon.

3．　 完成式to have done

例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.

2．　 進(jìn)行式to be doing

例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.

1．　 一般式to do

例如：I like to read English.

4.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用

疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which和疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how, why等后面可以接動(dòng)詞不定式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。

例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 (不定式作賓語(yǔ))

　　　 　　　 (2) How to use the machine is a question.

　　　　　　　 　　　 (不定式作主語(yǔ))

　　　 　　　 (3) The question is when to go there.

　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　(不定式作表語(yǔ))

(二)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)形式

動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，由不定式符號(hào)(to)加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種：