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2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法:不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(by短語有時(shí)可以省略)。

(1)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題。

①主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化。看下列例句。

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.

I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.

②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變);(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to。

The boss made him work all day long.

He was made to work all day long(by the boss)

③短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉“尾巴”。

The children were taken good care of (by her).

Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。

⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式:(A)謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如:

People say he is a smart boy.

It is said that he is a smart boy.

He is said to be a smart boy.

 People know paper was made in China first.

It is known that paper was made in China first.

Paper was known to be made in China first.

類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …

(2)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況。

①所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)之中。

②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。

③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have、own、belong to等。

④表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

⑥賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

⑦有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí),常見的動(dòng)詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。

(3)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。

①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)。

This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。

These novels won’t sell well.這些小說不暢銷。

My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。

The door won’t lock.門鎖不上。

The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。

②當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。

The plan worked out successfully.

The lamps on the wall turn off.

③want, require, need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。

④be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

⑤在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。

This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.

The girl isn’t easy to get along with.

另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。

(4)被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況。

①be seated坐著

He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。

②be hidden躲藏

He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后。

③be lost迷路    ④be drunk喝醉    ⑤be dressed穿著

The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.

(5)被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如:

The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

試題詳情

1、  動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析   ①表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(無時(shí)態(tài)限制)

The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.

Water boils at 100oC.

②表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞;表示經(jīng);蛄(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。

Ice feels cold.

We always care for each other and help each other.

③表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如:

I know what you mean.

Smith owns a car and a house.

All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.

④在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。

If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會(huì),我的家人會(huì)非常高興。

⑤少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí),表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排,肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.

Tomorrow is Wednesday.

(2)一般過去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析(考核重點(diǎn))。

①一般過去時(shí)的基本用法:表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示);用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣;表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如:

I met her in the street yesterday.

I once saw the famous star here.

They never drank wine.

I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t.

②如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語,盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生,但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞連用過去式。如:

He told me he read an interesting novel last night.

③表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常由以下詞語連接,用一般過去時(shí)。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。

The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.

He bought a watch but lost it.

④常用一般過去時(shí)的句型:

Why didn’t you / I think of that?

I didn’t notice it.

I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.

I didn’t recognize him.

(3)一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will / shall + 動(dòng)詞(常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語邊用如tomorrow、next week等)。

②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。

We’ll die without air or water.

③表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來時(shí)。

④be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別:

be going to 表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈,這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備;shall / will do表示未事先考慮過,即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。

be going to 表將來,不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中;而will則能,表意愿。如:

If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正確)

If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯(cuò)誤)

be to do sth.表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。

A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.

be about to do sth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句。

Autumn harvest is about to start.

(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作;表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí);表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃;go、come等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。如:

It is raining now.

He is teaching English and learning Chinese.

I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.

We are leaving on Friday.

At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.)

The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用,表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩)

②下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(A)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的動(dòng)詞:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。

(5)過去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析(考核重點(diǎn))。

①常用過去完成時(shí)的幾種情況:(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/

though / wanted / expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned … + to have done。(C)“時(shí)間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí);“時(shí)間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語,謂語動(dòng)詞  用   一般過去式。如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years  ago.(D)表示“一……就”的幾個(gè)句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時(shí)。如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.

②在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)。

After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.

We arrived home before it snowed.

(6)過去將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

參照一般將來時(shí)對(duì)比:用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來;come、go、leave等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來時(shí);was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。

(7)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。

②某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。

(8)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。

①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for、since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外,還可以和下面的介詞短語連用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。

②下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

It is (has been) + 一段時(shí)間 + since從句

This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成時(shí)

This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成時(shí)

This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 從句 + 完成時(shí)

③在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。如:

I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.

If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.

Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.

(9)注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別:

①一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):時(shí)間上有差異:凡有過去時(shí)間的均用過去時(shí)態(tài),不能用完成時(shí)態(tài),如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。

結(jié)果上有差異:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。

②過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí):過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”;如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時(shí)即可。

試題詳情

34.下面?zhèn)z圖分別是甲島7月等溫線分布示意圖和乙島水系分布示意圖,讀圖回答下列問題。(14分)

(1)甲、乙兩島面積較大的是      島;甲島在乙島的      方向。

圖2中a、b兩小島之間最短距離約為        千米。(3分)

(2) 圖1中甲地比同緯度氣溫      (高、低),主要原因是            

                    。(3分)

(3) 根據(jù)圖2中信息,描述乙島地形特征                       

                          。(2分)

(4)甲、乙兩島7月都盛行      風(fēng),但成因不同,簡(jiǎn)述乙島此風(fēng)形成的原因及過程。(3分)

(5)圖1中甲島東側(cè)是        氣候,簡(jiǎn)述其形成原因。(3分)

瑞安中學(xué)2008學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高二年級(jí)期末考試

試題詳情

33.讀我國(guó)局部地區(qū)圖,回答問題(8分)。

(1)A山脈是     (名稱),它是我國(guó)重要地理界線,請(qǐng)列舉兩項(xiàng)(3分)。

(2)B所在地形區(qū)是重要農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū),試評(píng)價(jià)該地農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的自然條件(2分)。

(3)簡(jiǎn)要說明E河流的特征(3分)。

試題詳情

32.沙塵暴是指強(qiáng)風(fēng)從地面卷起大量沙塵,使大氣水平能見度小于1千米的特殊天氣現(xiàn)象。圖14示意我國(guó)沙塵暴主要活動(dòng)路徑和強(qiáng)沙塵暴多發(fā)區(qū);分析圖回答下列問題。(8分)

(1)西路沙塵暴先后影響的兩大盆地是:______盆地、_______盆地。(2分)

(2)西北路沙塵暴先后影響的地理區(qū)域有:________盆地、河西走廊、內(nèi)蒙古高原、____高原和______平原。(3分)

(3)我國(guó)沙塵天氣暴發(fā)的主要時(shí)間   末(春、夏、秋、冬)    初(春、夏、秋、冬)。沙塵暴到達(dá)最多地區(qū),在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中最大的制約性因素是   

試題詳情

31.讀我國(guó)溫度帶的劃分圖(10分)

(1).填出圖中各地區(qū)的溫度帶名稱(2分)

A.       ;B.       

C.        ;D.       

E.       

(2).根據(jù)圖中信息完成下列問題:

圖中C、D溫度帶之間的地理界線是       ;圖中A處自然帶名稱       .今年中俄兩國(guó)關(guān)于黑瞎子島邊界最后的劃定,該島所在地處圖中字母代表區(qū)域中    ;右圖我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)房屋處在圖中哪個(gè)地區(qū)     ;這種特色反映該地區(qū)    豐富;圖中C溫度帶西部,主要生態(tài)問題是      .

(3).簡(jiǎn)述圖中F地區(qū)氣候點(diǎn)。(2分)

試題詳情

30.下列關(guān)于渭水的水文特征正確的說法是

A.含沙量小 B.無結(jié)冰期  C.徑流量變化大 D.有凌汛現(xiàn)象

第Ⅱ卷(非選擇部分  共40分)

試題詳情

29.秦兵馬俑附近的渭水在成因上屬于

A.背斜    B.向斜     C.地壘     D.地塹

試題詳情

28.今年5-6月,瑞安中學(xué)東邊的河道藍(lán)澡大量增多,下列原因正確的是

A.降水量增加  B.污染物增加 C.氣溫升高  D.河水流動(dòng)速度變慢

2009年6月13日,考古人員將對(duì)被稱為“世界第八奇跡”的秦兵馬俑一號(hào)坑進(jìn)行發(fā)掘,這是其沉寂20多年后迎來的第三次考古發(fā)掘。

試題詳情

27.根據(jù)上述材料,下列地區(qū)中,相對(duì)較難發(fā)現(xiàn)上述病例省區(qū)應(yīng)為

A.滬   B.粵   C.蜀   D.寧

試題詳情


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